[交流] 40、Distant Energy Reduction Mechanism and Matter Generation in Galactic Jets

Preprint of CERN doi :10.5281/zenodo.19614082 or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19614082 My academic identifier: orcid id: 0009-0005-2185-5790. You may go to the official academic website to retrieve and view relevant research content. Readers may copy this number to search on the official zenodo website (search by English title or English keywords) to view the full English and Chinese pdf texts. Abstract Observations confirm that black hole jets require propagation over 5,000–7,000 light-years to stably form nucleonic matter such as protons, electrons, and neutrons. Only ultra-high-energy radiation exists near the black hole core, with no stable nucleons. Based on multi-wavelength observations of the M87 galaxy and the SS 433 microquasar, this paper presents a self-consistent physical interpretation: in the extremely high-temperature and high-photon-density region near the black hole, newly generated particles are instantly broken up by high-energy collisions and cannot exist stably. In the vacuum of the universe, there is no medium for heat conduction, and energy is not dissipated. The only energy reduction pathways for high-energy photons are collisional energy splitting and spatial dilution. As the jet propagates farther, the photon density decreases, and the probability of energy reduction exceeds that of energy increase, allowing matter to form stably. The distance of 5,000–7,000 light-years is a critical length determined by both density and energy thresholds. This mechanism is highly consistent with observations and can uniformly explain the jet length, matter formation location, and temperature distribution. Keywords: galactic jets; black hole; energy reduction mechanism; photon density; collisional energy splitting; matter generation; proton; electron 1. Introduction Relativistic jets produced by black holes and active galactic nuclei are among the most energetic phenomena in the universe. Modern observations show that jets can extend thousands to tens of thousands of light-years. Stable nucleonic matter, including protons and electrons, is only observed far from the core, while almost no stable particles exist in the high-energy region near the black hole. Existing theories mostly focus on the acceleration mechanism, magnetic field structure, and radiation characteristics of jets, rarely addressing the key question: why must jets travel extremely far to form stable matter. Based on observational facts, photon density, collisional energy exchange, and vacuum constraints, this paper proposes a clear and self-consistent mechanism for energy reduction and matter generation, revealing the physical necessity of the long propagation distance of galactic jets.

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