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27、Doubts on the Self-Consistency of the Higgs Mechanism
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Preprint of CERN doi :10.5281/zenodo.19491551 or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19491551 My academic identifier: orcid id: 0009-0005-2185-5790. You may go to the official academic website to retrieve and view relevant research content. Readers may copy this number to search on the official zenodo website (search by English title or English keywords) to view the full English and Chinese pdf texts. Abstract Within the framework of the standard model of particle physics, the Higgs mechanism is widely recognized as the core theory explaining the origin of the rest mass of elementary particles. Through gauge symmetry breaking and universal Higgs field coupling, it provides a formal mathematical description of mass generation and is strongly supported by the experimental discovery of the Higgs boson. However, from the perspectives of completeness of physical picture, continuity of dynamic processes, and theoretical logical self-consistency, the current Higgs mechanism suffers from significant defects: it only semi-quantitatively explains how particles “acquire” mass, but cannot provide a unified, continuous, and self-consistent physical explanation for how mass “disappears” during particle annihilation, resulting in theoretical asymmetry and logical gaps between mass generation and mass vanishing. Taking electron-positron annihilation as a typical process, this paper systematically analyzes the fundamental loopholes of the Higgs mechanism in dynamic mutation, coupling decoupling, and mass-energy conversion pathways. Based on a unified theoretical framework of matter formed by confined high-energy photons and direct mass-energy equivalence conversion, this paper gives a closed, self-consistent, and intuitive physical interpretation of the entire process of mass origin, particle formation, confinement structure, and particle annihilation. Results show that the theoretical system centered on spatial confinement of photon energy can fully cover the symmetric processes of mass generation and vanishing without introducing additional fields, coupling coefficients, or symmetry-breaking assumptions. It is more consistent with fundamental conservation laws and physical intuition, providing a more rigorous and unified new approach for the problem of mass origin and the reconstruction of basic particle physics theories. Keywords: Higgs mechanism; mass origin; particle annihilation; mass-energy conservation; high-energy photon confinement; theoretical self-consistency 1 Introduction Mass is one of the most fundamental intrinsic properties of elementary particles, and its physical origin has long been a fundamental issue in particle physics, cosmology, and field theory. In the standard model, the Higgs mechanism successfully achieves the renormalizability of gauge theory through symmetry breaking and the universal Higgs field hypothesis, offering a formal mass-generation scheme for fermions and vector bosons. The scheme assumes that the universe is uniformly filled with a passive Higgs field; particles obtain rest mass via coupling to the Higgs field with varying strengths, while gauge particles such as photons remain massless due to the absence of coupling. Mathematically, the Higgs mechanism satisfies gauge symmetry and is phenomenologically consistent with existing experimental observations. However, a complete, rigorous, and fundamental theory of mass origin must satisfy three requirements: explain how mass is generated, explain how mass vanishes, and be fully compatible with strictly verified facts such as mass-energy conservation and particle annihilation. The current Higgs mechanism only provides a phenomenological description of mass generation and completely fails to explain the dynamics of instantaneous mass vanishing in annihilation, leading to obvious theoretical asymmetry and logical discontinuity. Using electron-positron annihilation as a typical test process, this paper systematically criticizes the theoretical completeness of the Higgs mechanism and reveals its unavoidable internal inconsistencies. Meanwhile, a unified physical explanation centered on confinement–deconfinement of high-energy photons is established to achieve symmetric description of mass generation and vanishing, constructing a closed, self-consistent, and assumption-free theory of mass origin.  |
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