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16、The Real Cause of Starlight Deflection
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Preprint of CERN doi :10.5281/zenodo.19387608 or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19387608 My academic identifier: orcid id: 0009-0005-2185-5790. You may go to the official academic website to retrieve and view relevant research content. Readers may copy this number to search on the official zenodo website (search by English title or English keywords) to view the full English and Chinese pdf texts. Abstract The deflection of starlight passing near the Sun has long been regarded as key observational evidence for the "spacetime curvature" effect of general relativity. Based on fundamental physical logic and modern experimental observations, this paper systematically questions the traditional interpretation of this phenomenon. Photons have no rest mass and cannot produce effective gravitational interaction with the Sun. The spacetime curvature described by general relativity still originates from mass, essentially a mathematical representation of gravitational effects, and does not provide a new physical mechanism independent of gravity. The region around the Sun contains widespread corona, high-temperature plasma, solar wind, and diffuse matter, which form a continuously decreasing density gradient from the inside out. When light propagates in an inhomogeneous medium, it bends continuously, and this optical refraction effect is the real physical origin of starlight deflection. Total solar eclipse observations in different years show that the starlight deflection angle is not a fixed constant but fluctuates significantly with solar activity intensity. This is obviously inconsistent with the constant value predicted by spacetime curvature theory, but highly consistent with the refraction law of plasma media. The conclusion of this paper indicates that starlight deflection cannot be used as valid evidence for spacetime curvature theory, and this phenomenon should return to the classical optical refraction mechanism for a self-consistent, concise, and physically reasonable explanation. Keywords: starlight deflection; spacetime curvature; general relativity; solar plasma; solar corona; optical refraction 1 Introduction In 1919, the total solar eclipse observation led by Eddington et al. claimed that the deflection angle of starlight passing near the Sun was close to the prediction of general relativity. This result was quickly interpreted as direct verification of spacetime curvature theory and became a landmark experiment in the physics history of the 20th century. Over the following century, starlight deflection has been almost regarded as one of the most solid observational supports for general relativity, profoundly influencing the development of gravitational theory, cosmology, and astrophysics. However, from the perspective of logical self-consistency in basic physics, the traditional interpretation has always had unavoidable internal contradictions: photons have no rest mass and cannot participate in gravitational interactions; the description of spacetime curvature does not break away from the framework of mass source and gravity, and does not truly solve the dilemma of physical mechanism. Meanwhile, the vicinity of the Sun is not an ideal vacuum, but a plasma medium layer that is stable and varies with solar activity, which provides sufficient and necessary physical conditions for light refraction. Based on basic physical principles, solar atmospheric structure, and observational data over the years, this paper systematically demonstrates that starlight deflection is not caused by gravity or spacetime curvature, but by the optical refraction effect of the inhomogeneous plasma medium around the Sun. The volatility of observational data directly supports the refraction mechanism and negates the constant spacetime curvature interpretation.  |
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