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Catalytic Appel fluorination of alcohols with potassium fluoride
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Catalytic Appel fluorination of alcohols with potassium fluoride ·ú»¯¼Ø´ß»¯Appel·´Ó¦ÊµÏÖ´¼µÄ·ú»¯ ¡ø ×÷ÕߣºANIRBAN MONDAL, JOB J. C. STRUIJS, CALEB J. N. DOYLE, ZIJUN CHEN, ZIAN WANG, WORAWIT TANGAMORNCHAIPATTANA, CHRISTOPHE ALLAIS, PAUL F. RICHARDSON, JARED PIPER, AND V¨¦RONIQUE GOUVERNEUR ¡øÁ´½Ó£º https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aec6298 ¡øÕªÒª£º Appel±»¯·´Ó¦¹ã·ºÓÃÓÚ½«´¼×ª»¯ÎªÍé»ù±»¯Îµ«²»ÊÊÓÃÓÚÖÆ±¸Íé»ù·ú»¯ÎÒòΪ·ú»á±»¶þ·úçlÍéòüºÏ¶øÎÞ·¨²ÎÓë·´Ó¦¡£ Ñо¿ÕßÒýÈëÁË¿ÉÔÚ¿ÕÆøÖÐÎȶ¨´æ·ÅµÄÐÂÎìÑõ»ùçlÑÎÀ´½â¾öÕâÒ»³¤ÆÚ´æÔÚµÄÌôÕ½¡£ÀûÓÃÕâЩÊÔ¼Á£¬¶àÖÖ´¼¿ÉÔÚÇâ¼üÏà×ªÒÆ´ß»¯Ìõ¼þÏÂÓë·ú»¯¼Ø·¢Éú·ú»¯·´Ó¦£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦Ä£Ê½ÎªÊµÏÖ´¼µÄ¶ÔӳѡÔñÐÔ·ú»¯ÌṩÁËÒ»Ìõ;¾¶¡£ Æä»úÀíÊÇ£ºÊ×ÏÈÐγÉÐÂÎìÑõ»ù·úçlÍ飬¸ÃÖмäÌåÇãÏòÓÚÓë´¼µ×Îï·¢Éú¿ÉÄæ½»»»£¬¶ø·ÇÉú³É¶þ·úçlÍé¡£ ´ß»¯¼ÁÓÐÖúÓÚ·ú»¯¼ØµÄÈܽâÒÔ¼°ÁרC·ú¼üµÄ½âÀ룬´Ó¶øÊ¹ÍéÑõ»ùçl·úÀë×Ó¶Ô·¢Éú¹¹ÐͷתµÄ·ú»¯·´Ó¦¡£´ß»¯Ñ»·µÄÖÜתԴÓÚ´ß»¯¼Á¶Ô·úÀë×ӵĽáºÏÇ¿ÓÚ¶ÔÑõ»¯ì¢£¨·´Ó¦µÄ¸±²úÎµÄ½áºÏ£¬¶øÑõ»¯ì¢¿É×÷ΪºÏ³ÉçlÊÔ¼ÁµÄÆðʼÔÁϽøÐлØÊÕÀûÓᣠ¡ø Abstract£º Appel halogenation reactions are widely used to convert alcohols to alkyl halides but are not suitable to prepare alkyl fluorides because fluoride is sequestered as a difluorophosphorane. In this work, we introduce bench-stable neopentoxyphosphonium salts to solve this enduring challenge. With these reagents, various alcohols undergo fluorination with potassium fluoride under hydrogen bonding phase-transfer catalysis, a manifold offering a pathway to enantioselective fluorination of alcohols. Mechanistically, a neopentoxyfluorophosphorane is formed, which undergoes reversible exchange with the alcohol substrate in preference to difluorophosphorane formation. The catalyst assists with potassium fluoride solubilization and with phosphorus¨Cfluorine bond dissociation, leading to the alkoxyphosphonium fluoride ion pair undergoing stereoinvertive fluorination. Turnover results from stronger binding of the catalyst to fluoride than phosphine oxide, the by-product of the reaction, which is recyclable as starting material for the synthesis of the phosphonium reagents. |
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