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【转帖】基础理论之精品转帖：B3LYP发展历程
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大家都用B3LYP泛函，可我们对B3LYP的历史理解吗？若想了解，请参看 http://www.ccl.net/chemistry/res ... .008-dir/index.html 谨以此转载献给计算区两周年生日。 以下是作者提问如何引用B3LYP泛函，于是引出了B3LYP发展历史。 =============================================== Date: Wed, 15 May 2002 20:08:30 +0300 (EET DST) From: Mikael Johansson To: Subject: Proper B3LYP reference? Hello All! What's the "proper" B3LYP reference to use? Usually Becke's paper [1] is cited, and sometimes additionally the paper by Stephens et al. [2]. Paper [1] does not contain the B3LYP-functional, altough it defines the 3 parameters for the different types of contribution. Paper [2] explicitly explains the alterations to Becke's original formulation, but I find at least one earlier paper [3] mentioning/using B3LYP. > From the articles, I assume B3LYP was something introduced by the Gaussian program package, am I right? Furthermore, does anyone know of an even earlier B3LYP reference than [3]? [1] A.D. Becke, J.Chem.Phys. 98 (1993) 5648-5652 [2] P.J. Stephens, F.J. Devlin, C.F. Chabalowski, M.J Frisch, J.Phys.Chem. 98 (1994) 11623-11627 [3] K. Kim, K.D. Jordan, J.Phys.Chem. 98 (1994) 10089-10094 Have a nice day, 以下是作者的对回帖的总结：philip stephens 和 Mike Frisch 的回答至关重要。 =============================================== Hello All! Many thanks to all who replied! Special thanks to Prof Philip Stephens and Dr Mike Frisch who had a very interesting tale to tell about the history of B3LYP. My original post asked for suggestions for a proper reference to the B3LYP functional, given that no paper was an obvious choice. Now I am wiser in the ways of DFT, and I think my future B3LYP citings will include B3 [1], LYP [2], VWN [3], and the assembly [4]. A brief citation could be [1,4] as suggested by Dr Frisch. Feel free to make your own choice. All replies are summarised below, trimmed down to the relevant parts (as defined by my newly gained wisdom :-) I also truncated the e-mail addresses. Read and enjoy! Have a nice day, Mikael J. [1] A.D. Becke, J.Chem.Phys. 98 (1993) 5648-5652 [2] C. Lee, W. Yang, R.G. Parr, Phys. Rev. B 37 (1988) 785-789 [3] S.H. Vosko, L. Wilk, M. Nusair, Can. J. Phys. 58 (1980) 1200-1211 [4] P.J. Stephens, F.J. Devlin, C.F. Chabalowski, M.J. Frisch, J.Phys.Chem. 98 (1994) 11623-11627 ===================================== Date: Mon, 20 May 2002 18:00:58 +0000 From: philip stephens To: mikael.johansson -x- at -x- helsinki.fi Subject: B3LYP Thank you for your email. I can answer you as follows: in the early 1990s we (at USC) were interested in using DFT harmonic force fields in predicting VCD spectra ( since we already knew that HF force fields were of insufficient accuracy and that MP2 force fields gave much better results, but were computationally too expensive). After some unsuccessful initial attempts with numerical DFT force fields, we began a collaboration with Mike Frisch at Gaussian at the time that analytical second derivatives had just been implemented. Mike was interested in using the comparison of predicted vibrational spectra to experiment as a way of evaluating the relative accuracies of different functionals. We therefore studied a number of molecules using a range of functionals. The hybrid functionals of Becke had just been introduced and were of particular interest. For reasons that are unknown to me Mike decided to create a new hybrid functional - the now famous B3LYP - and this was included as well as the Becke functional - B3PW91. It turned out to be a good idea! So, the short answer to your question is: the B3LYP functional used in our work and used in the Gaussian program was invented by Mike Frisch. If you want more of the history of this situation you should contact Mike directly: frisch -x- at -x- [...]. By the way, there is another paper with the definition of B3LYP spelled out and some further discussion of its composition: Stephens, Devlin, Ashvar, Chabalowski and Frisch, Disc. Faraday Soc. vol 99, pp103-119, 1994. [...] =========================================== Date: Tue, 21 May 2002 13:39:55 -0400 (EDT) From: Mike Frisch To: uunet!helsinki.fi!mikael.johansson -x- at -x- uunet.uu.net Subject: Re: Origins of B3LYP [...] When I first decided to make use of Becke's parametrization based on adiabatic connection, we had not yet coded the PW91 correlation functional in Gaussian. We had coded the earlier Perdew correlation functional (P86) but found that LYP seemed to work better for molecules. I felt that if the parameters Becke had optimized represented real physical content in the model and not just curve fitting, then the same values should be useful with other functionals of the same general type (i.e., GGAs). So I tested the same parameters with BLYP instead of BPW91, and found that indeed they gave a similar improvement in predicted energetics. Just as importantly, the parameters, which Becke fit to dissociation energies of neutral molecules at fixed geometries, also improved predicted structures and vibrational frequencies as compared to pure DFT, and also worked well for ionization potentials and electron affinities. So both the transferability of the parameters to different functionals and the fact that parameters fit to one property improve virtually all other properties confirmed that Becke's scheme improves the physical content of the model and is not just fitting a particular type of property. The reason for including VWN was that, unlike most correlation functionals, LYP does not have distinct local and gradient-corrected terms. So to adjust the amount of non-local correlation from LYP as required by Becke's parameters, I needed to use a separate local correlation functional. That is, instead of Becke's: 1.0 x (local correlation) + 0.81 XC(gradient-correction for correlation) I did 0.81 (LYP local+gradient-correction) + 0.19 (VWN3 local) Unfortunetly, I wasn't as precise as I should have been in the paper and didn't specify which version of VWN (VWN3) I used for the local correlation. This has led to a bit of confusion, with some people using VWN5 in their implementations for the local part. The difference between the two versions is a small variation in total energy, but the predictions are basically the same regardless of which local functional is used to provide the small non-gradient-corrected part. We have since coded PW91 and found that B3PW91 is not quite as good as B3LYP. I think this reflects the fact that PW91 isn't as good as LYP for molecules, not any difference in optimal values for the 3 parameters. PW91 is exact for the uniform electron gas, which physicist like, while LYP is wrong in this limit. However, LYP was designed to make He come out right. Since He is a better example of the highly non-uniform electron density in molecules than the uniform electron gas, it is not surprising that BLYP and B3LYP are (slightly) better approximations for molecules than BPW91 and B3PW91. =========================================== Date: Wed, 15 May 2002 13:58:55 -0400 (EDT) From: Dmitry Khoroshun To: Mikael Johansson Subject: Re: CCLroper B3LYP reference? Hello! You might want to cite the following paper: Hertwig, R. H.; Koch, W. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1997, 268, 345 "On the parametrization of the local correlation functional. What is Becke-3-LYP?" [...] ===================================== Date: Wed, 15 May 2002 14:12:46 -0400 From: James Kubicki To: mpjohans -x- at -x- pcu.helsinki.fi Subject: Re: CCLroper B3LYP reference? You might try - Becke A. D., Density-functional exchange-energy approximation with correct asymptotic-behavior. Phys. Rev. A, 38(6), 3098, 1988. [...] ===================================== Date: Wed, 15 May 2002 14:57:10 -0400 From: elewars To: Mikael Johansson Subject: Re: CCLroper B3LYP reference? Re the question below about citing B3LYP The B3LYP functional is based on an exchange-correlation functional developed by Becke in 1993 and modified by stevens in 1994 by introduction of the Lee-Yang-Parr 1988 correlation functional. I would cite B3LYP as: P. J. Stephens, F. J. Devlin, C. F. Chablowski, and M. Frisch, J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 11623, and refs therein. E. Lewars ===================================== Date: Thu, 16 May 2002 09:11:25 +0200 From: Patrik Johansson To: Mikael Johansson Subject: Re: CCL  roper B3LYP reference?Hej Mikael Jag har alltid anvant [1] tillsammans med orginal "LYP": Lee, Yang, Parr: Phys Rev B, 1988, 37, 785. Och om jag inte missminner mig tror jag mig ha last att detta ar de som ska anvandas som referenser (minimum alltsa). Detta aven om inte den "LYP" ar exakt den som anvands i B3LYP. [...] =========================================== Date: Thu, 16 May 2002 09:23:02 -0400 (EDT) From: Doug Fox To: Mikael Johansson Subject: Re: CCL roper B3LYP reference?The combination of [2] and [1] is the recommended reference. The combination was developed by Gaussian and then reported in applications papers. Becke's paper documents the theory behind the coefficients of this hybrid method. [...] ============================================ Date: Thu, 16 May 2002 10:55:43 +0300 (EEST) From: Michael Patzschke To: Mikael Johansson Subject: B3LYP [...] B3LYP historien är faktiskt lite svårt att följa med. Men om jag har förstått det rätt. så började det hela med utvecklingen av hybridmethoder så som HH (Becke 92) vilka använder 'adiabatic connection' (Becke 88). HH methoden var inte så värst framgångsrik och Becke kom sen med ett föreslag som baserade på CGA (och inte på LDA som Beckes HH method) den blev känd som B3 (Becke 93). Allt detta beträffa dock bara 'exchange' delen. I Becke 93 användes B3 tillsammans med PW91 'correlation' funktionalen (Perdew 92). Först senare (Stephens 94) kom föreslaget att använda B3 och LYP funktionalen (Lee 88). Och fortfarande finns det oklarheter vilken av Beckes B3-formler borde användas (se t.ex. Hertwig 97). Ännu värre, så finns det många olika sett att skriva LYP-funktionalen (se Miehlich 89 och Lee 93). [...] Becke 88 J.Chem.Phys.,1988,88,1053 Lee 88 Phys.Rev.,1988,B37,785 Miehlich 89 Chem.Phys.Lett.,1989,157,200 Becke 92 J.Chem.Phys.,1992,98,1372 Perdew 92 Phys.Rev.,1992,B46,6671 Becke 93 J.Chem.Phys.,1993,98,5648 Lee 93 Phys.Rev.B,1993,37,785 Stephens 94 J.Phys.Chem.,1994,98,11623 Hertwig 97 Chem.Phys.Lett.,1997,268,345 [ Last edited by fegg7502 on 2009-12-13 at 20:08 ] |
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