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[交流] 莫特绝缘体与近藤绝缘体——外部刺激如何改变电子能带

莫特绝缘体与近藤绝缘体——外部刺激如何改变电子能带

来自材料纳米结构学研究中心(MANA)的最新研究揭示了一种理论机制,阐明强关联绝缘体的电子能带结构如何在自旋与电荷扰动作用下被重塑,为实现可调控能带结构的电子器件开辟了新可能。

设想一种电子材料,其基本性质的改变并不依赖于替换原子或制备新的结构,而是通过施加光照、磁场或电信号来实现。例如,一种太阳能电池可以在光照条件下暂时重塑其能带结构,从而更高效地吸收光能。

在传统半导体中,这种灵活性通常难以实现,因为外部调控只能改变电子对能级的占据情况,而无法真正改变能带结构本身。

如今,发表在Physical Review B上的一项研究表明,强关联绝缘体(如莫特绝缘体和近藤绝缘体)可以表现出截然不同的行为。该研究由 MANA 的首席研究员 Masanori Kohno 完成。

在这些材料中,通过掺杂(通过化学势移动引入空穴或电子)、磁化或光照等方式扰动自旋或电荷,可以在能带之间的能隙内诱导出全新的电子态。这种现象源于电子之间的强相互作用。

与普通带隙绝缘体不同,在后者中自旋与电荷激发紧密耦合,而在强关联绝缘体中,低能自旋激发可以独立存在。

通过理论分析和数值计算,该研究阐明了自旋和电荷扰动如何影响这些绝缘体的能带结构,揭示了这些新电子模式产生的微观机制。结果表明,当大量自旋或电荷发生集体激发时,所诱导的态可以具有显著的谱强度,从而重塑电子能带结构。

“这项研究表明,与传统半导体不同,自旋和电荷扰动能够产生新的电子模式,并主动改变能带结构,”Kohno 博士表示。

这些发现为基于强电子关联效应的能带结构工程奠定了基础,有望推动未来具有增强功能和可调控性能的电子与光电子器件的发展。

Publication details
Masanori Kohno, Electronic modes induced by spin and charge perturbations in Mott and Kondo insulators, Physical Review B (2025). DOI: 10.1103/ythd-s2x8

Abstract
Electronic band structures usually remain unaffected by doping via a chemical-potential shift or by increasing the temperature in conventional band insulators. In contrast, it has been shown that those of Mott and Kondo insulators can be altered by doping or by increasing the temperature: electronic modes are induced within the band gap, exhibiting momentum-shifted magnetic dispersion relations from the band edges. Here, this study demonstrates that the underlying mechanism of the remarkable strong-correlation effects can be generalized to the emergence of electronic modes caused by various spin and charge perturbations, including magnetization of spin-gapped Mott and Kondo insulators. These emergent modes can alter the band structure if a macroscopic number of spins or charges are excited by the perturbations at a given moment. The origins and dispersion relations of these emergent modes, particularly why and how the dispersion relations depend on the momentum and energy of the perturbations, are elucidated by investigating the selection rules and using the Bethe ansatz and the effective theory for weak inter-unit-cell hopping. The validity and generality of the theoretical results across different models and spatial dimensions are verified by numerical calculations for the one- and two-dimensional Hubbard models, periodic Anderson models, Kondo lattice models, and ladder and bilayer Hubbard models. This study provides crucial insights into why and how spin and charge perturbations can alter the band structure in strongly correlated insulators, thereby paving the way for band-structure engineering in strong-correlation electronics, which enables previously unexplored functionalities by exploiting the unconventional characteristics revealed in this paper.
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