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| 当今地球上占统治地位的是被子植物，对人类经济利益影响较大的主要害虫也多以被子植物为食，因此，对昆虫与植物关系的研究往往聚焦于昆虫与被子植物的关系上，特别是起源于白垩纪晚期的鳞翅目害虫与被子植物的关系上，而蕨类和裸子植物与当今主要农药害虫的关系不密切，它们与昆虫关系的研究未引起重视。这一点在植物性杀虫剂的研究中尤其明显，到目前为止，我国应用的植物性杀虫剂中，活性成分都是来自被子植物。然而，蕨类或裸子植物与昆虫的协同进化历史远远长于被子植物(中国植物志,1978)，在近几亿年的协同进化过程中，裸子植物和蕨类植物可能对昆虫形成了较为完善的防御体系(张开梅,2004)。进入新生代后，许多昆虫放弃了裸子和蕨类植物，这些植物的一些防御手段可能湮灭在历史的长河中，但也可能保留下来了。本文研究表明，蕨类植物和裸子植物具有良好的杀虫活性，本文所采集的54种植物中，22个对家蝇成虫具有较好的毒杀活性（占40.74%，22/54）；5个植物提取物对白纹伊蚊4龄幼虫具有较好的毒杀活性（占9.26，5/54），这表明，蕨类植物和裸子植物对非嗜食性害虫具有良好的毒杀活性，蕨类植物和裸子植物也是杀虫活性先导化合物的宝库。因此，从蕨类和裸子植物中可能找到古老的对中生代晚期昆虫具有毒杀活性的化合物，这些化合物在防治当今害虫可能起到意想不到的效果。 |
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hql0203(金币+50,VIP+0): 11-16 11:48
hql0203(金币+50,VIP+0): 11-16 11:48
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angiosperms are currently dominant on the earth, and also feed for most of major pests which relatively big impact on the economical profits of the human being. Therefore, the study of relationship between insects and plants are generally focused on the relationship between insects and angiosperms, especially on relationship between the Lepidoptera pests which originated from the Late Cretaceous and angiosperms. the relationship between either ferns or gymnosperms and the major pesticide pests is not intimate and study of the relationship between them and insects has thus not been emphasized, which is especially manifested by study of botanical insecticides. So far, all active ingredients in botanical insecticides used in our country come from angiosperms. however, the co-evolution history of either ferns or gymnosperms and insects is far longer than angiosperms (Flora of China, 1978). In the past several hundred million years of co-evolution process, ferns and gymnosperms might have established a relatively comprehensive defense system from insects (zhang kaimei, 2004). after entering the new generation, some of these methods in the defense system may either be annihilated into the long river of history resulting from that many insects have abandoned both ferns and gymnosperms or be preserved. This research shows that both ferns and gymnosperms possess good insecticidal activities. among collected plants of 54 kinds mentioned in the paper, 22 possess good insecticidal activities to adult houseflies (take 40.74%, 22/54), and extracts from five plants possess good insecticidal activities to 4-year-old larvae of mosquitoes (take 9.26%, 5/54). this indicates that both ferns and gymnosperms possess good insecticidal activities to non-addicted feeding pests and are also a treasure library of lead compounds with insecticidal activities. from ferns and gymnosperms, it is thus possible to find compounds which originated from the ancient time and possessed insecticidal activities to insects of Late Mesozoic, and these compounds may have unexpected effects in protecting from and fighting against pests nowadays. [ Last edited by bote on 2009-11-15 at 10:10 ] |
2楼2009-11-15 01:59:20