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chemistryer(½ð±Ò+1,VIP+0):ÐÁ¿àÁË 11-15 22:06
chemistryer(½ð±Ò+1,VIP+0):ÐÁ¿àÁË 11-15 22:06
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1¡¢·ÐµãͬѹÁ¦µÄ¹ØÏµ£¬¿ÉÒÔÓÿËÀ±´Áú-¿ËÀÍÐÞ˹·½³Ì¡£Ò²¿ÉÒԲ黯ѧÊÖ²á»òÏàͼµÃµ½¡£ DEPENDENCE OF BOILING POINT ON PRESSURE The normal boiling point of a liquid is defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure reaches standard atmospheric pressure, 101.325 kPa. The change in boiling point with pressure may be calculated from the representation of the vapor pressure by the Antoine Equation, ln p = A1 ¨C A2/(T + A3) where p is the vapor pressure, T the absolute temperature, and A1, A2, and A3 are constants. This table, which has been calculated using the Antoine constants in Reference 1, gives values of Dt/Dp for a number of liquids, in units of both ¡ãC/kPa and ¡ãC/mmHg. The correction to the boiling point is generally accurate to 0.1 to 0.2 ¡ãC as long as the pressure is within 10% of standard atmospheric pressure. A slightly less accurate estimate of Dt/Dp may be obtained from the Claussius-Clapeyron equation, with the assumption that the change in volume upon vaporization equals the ideal-gas volume of the vapor. This leads to the equation Dt/Dp = RTb 2 /p0 DvapH(Tb) where R is the molar gas constant, p0 is 101.325 kPa, Tb is the normal boiling point temperature (absolute), and DvapH(Tb) is the molar enthalpy of vaporization at the normal boiling point. Values of the last quantity may be obtained from the table ¡°Enthalpy of Vaporization¡± in Section 6. REFERENCE 1. Lide, D.R., and Kehiaian, H.V., CRC Handbook of Thermophysical and Thermochemical Data, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994, pp. 49- 59. tb Dt/Dp Compound ¡ãC ¡ãC/kPa ¡ãC/mmHg Acetaldehyde 20.1 0.261 0.0348 Acetic acid 117.9 0.324 0.0432 Acetone 56.0 0.289 0.0385 Acetonitrile 81.6 0.316 0.0421 Ammonia -33.33 0.198 0.0264 Aniline 184.1 0.378 0.0504 Anisole 153.7 0.367 0.0489 Benzaldehyde 179.0 0.392 0.0523 Benzene 80.0 0.321 0.0428 Bromine 58.8 0.300 0.0400 Butane -0.5 0.267 0.0356 1-Butanol 117.7 0.278 0.0371 Carbon disulfide 46.2 0.304 0.0405 Chlorine -34.04 0.224 0.0299 Chlorobenzene 131.7 0.365 0.0487 1-Chlorobutane 78.6 0.321 0.0428 Chloroethane 12.3 0.262 0.0349 Chloroethylene -13.3 0.241 0.0321 Cyclohexane 80.7 0.328 0.0437 Cyclohexanol 160.8 0.344 0.0459 Cyclohexanone 155.4 0.382 0.0509 Decane 174.1 0.388 0.0517 Dibutyl ether 140.2 0.363 0.0484 Dichloromethane 39.6 0.276 0.0368 Diethyl ether 34.5 0.278 0.0371 Dimethyl sulfoxide 189.0 0.379 0.0505 1,4-Dioxane 101.5 0.321 0.0428 Dipropyl ether 90.0 0.326 0.0435 Ethanol 78.2 0.249 0.0332 Ethyl acetate 77.1 0.300 0.0400 Ethylene glycol 197.3 0.331 0.0441 Heptane 98.5 0.336 0.0448 Hexafluorobenzene 80.2 0.305 0.0407 Hexane 68.7 0.314 0.0419 1-Hexanol 157.6 0.318 0.0424 Hydrogen fluoride 20.1 0.276 0.0368 Iodomethane 42.5 0.291 0.0388 Isobutane -11.7 0.254 0.0339 Methanol 64.6 0.251 0.0335 Methyl acetate 56.8 0.282 0.0376 Methyl formate 31.7 0.582 0.0776 N-Methylaniline 196.2 0.396 0.0528 N-Methylformamide 199.5 0.371 0.0495 Nitrobenzene 210.8 0.418 0.0557 Nitromethane 101.1 0.320 0.0427 1-Octanol 195.1 0.360 0.0480 Pentane 36.0 0.289 0.0385 1-Pentanol 137.9 0.296 0.0395 Phenol 181.8 0.349 0.0465 Propane -42.1 0.224 0.0299 1-Propanol 97.2 0.261 0.0348 2-Propanol 82.3 0.247 0.0329 Pyridine 115.2 0.340 0.0453 Pyrrole 129.7 0.330 0.0440 Pyrrolidine 86.5 0.309 0.0412 Styrene 145.1 0.369 0.0492 Sulfur dioxide -10.05 0.221 0.0295 Tetrachloroethylene 121.3 0.354 0.0472 Tetrachloromethane 76.8 0.325 0.0433 Toluene 110.6 0.353 0.0471 Trichloroethylene 87.2 0.330 0.0440 Trichloromethane 61.1 0.302 0.0403 Trimethylamine 2.8 0.248 0.0331 Water 100.0 0.276 0.0368 o-Xylene 144.5 0.373 0.0497 m-Xylene 139.1 0.368 0.0491 p-Xylene 138.3 0.369 0.0492 2¡¢ÃܶÈͬζȡ¢Ñ¹Á¦µÄ¹ØÏµ£¬Ö»ÒªÓÐ״̬·½³Ì¾Í¿ÉÒÔ×ÔÐмÆËã¡£ |
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