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[资源] 【原创】金属所在ECAP方面的研究工作进展

等通道转角挤压（Equal Channel Angular Pressing, ECAP）自从上世纪80年代由Segal在前苏联明斯克的一个研究所提出后，Valiev等的相关研究极大地推动了ECAP基础理论与相关技术的快速发展。在进行ECAP挤压过程中样品的横截面积不变，因此可以通过多道次挤压实现对材料的严重塑性变形成功获得亚微米晶甚至纳米晶材料。该类材料不仅有良好的研究价值，也具有非常广阔的应用前景。历经二十余年的研究和探索，材料科学工作者在超细晶和纳米材料的制备工艺、微观结构表征、形变机制和力学性能等方面取得了长足的进步，尤其是在微观结构与力学性能的关系方面有了较为深入的了解。

   国内也广泛开展ECAP方面的研究，南理工的王经涛教授开展工作较早，早年在日本访问时就开展了这方面的工作，尤其是他参与的ECAP变形量方面的工作96年发表在Scripta后已成为该杂志引用最高的文章，而且他与Valiev教授，Landon教授等国际知名学者也都建立了良好的合作关系，2011年的第五届nanoSPD会议也将在南京理工大学召开。华南理工大学（中南大学）的李赛毅教授在ECAP变形过程中的变形织构问题上做出了具有代表性的工作，并在国际著名的杂志Acta上发表多篇文章。此外，哈工大的郑明毅教授，上交的单爱党教授，北钢院的杨刚研究员等也做出了出色的工作。其他还有一些国内的教授和研究单位也开展ECAP方面的研究，因为本人才疏学浅了解不多，在这里就不一一介绍了，还请大家多多原谅，也期望大家介绍自己的特色工作。

金属研究所在ECAP方面也开展了不少工作，沈阳材料科学国家(联合)实验室材料疲劳与断裂研究部的张哲峰研究员和吴世丁研究员在近几年也做出了一系列出色的工作，得到了国内外不少学者的赞誉和关注。下面简略介绍一下部分工作成果，供大家参考：
   首先，成功揭示了ECAP变形过程中27度剪切流线的原因，并对ECAP变形机制做出了修正。关于ECAP的变形机制学术界普遍认为变形是集中于模具对角面附近，而且剪切方向是沿对角面施加的，但也有一些相关的实验结果并不能很好地从目前的变形方式去理解。他们创造性的利用特殊设计的单、双晶从晶体取向和晶界几何类型方面深入研究了ECAP的变形机制，提出材料在ECAP模具对角面附近发生严重塑性变形，除了沿模具对角面切应力的作用外，沿垂直于模具对角面的切应力也起很重要的作用，而且晶体的原始取向和晶界几何类型对于材料的微观机制演化和晶粒细化有着重要的影响。
   其次，在利用具有特殊取向的Al单晶揭示ECAP变形机制的基础上，他们再次设计了具有特殊取向的单晶并结合层错能极低的合金，深入分析了晶体取向、层错能和晶粒尺寸对于变形孪生行为的影响，给出合理深入的分析，从而加深对面心立方金属形变孪生行为的理解。
   此外，利用具有不同层错能的Cu-Al合金揭示了，在ECAP变形中，随着层错能的降低，晶粒细化机制由位错分割转化为孪晶分裂机制，变形后材料的极限晶粒尺寸减小。仔细分析了大塑性变形后影响结构的因素。具有较高或较低层错能材料，变形后的结构受外部变形条件影响较小，更容易形成均匀结构。反之，具有中等层错能材料变形后的结构受外部变形条件影响较大。通过降低层错能，可以使得Cu-Al合金的强度和塑性能够的同时提高。
   而且，作为研究部的传统，本组在ECAP制备材料的拉伸性能、疲劳性能和疲劳损伤机制方面也进行了深入的研究。最近受国家基金委重点基金资助，即将深入开展超细晶和非晶材料方面的疲劳性能和疲劳损伤机制研究。本课题组收到金属学报的邀请即将对本组的工作进行详细的阐述，大家可以从该文章上详细了解我们的工作进展，并请大家批评指正，使我们的工作更进一步。
ECAP自发展以来，受到了科技界的广泛关注，国内由于开展时间较国外晚了近5-10年，所以总体水平上还有一定的差距。国内开展ECAP研究的单位，也都做出了有特色的工作，我们也希望能够加强合作交流，互相学习，共同提高国内ECAP方面的研究水平。附录是本课题组近年来发表的文章目录，文章全文基本上能从本组网页上下载，欢迎大家交流讨论。http://www.synl.ac.cn/org/mat/zzf.asp
                        papers about ECAP
Papers in 2009 Year (6)
1. Han, W. Z., Yang, H. J., An, X. H., Yang, R. Q., Li, S. X., Wu, S. D., and Zhang, Z. F., Evolution of initial grain boundaries and shear bands in Cu bicrystals during one-pass equal channel angular pressing, Acta Mater., 57 (2009) 1132-1146.
2. Qu, S., An, X. H., Yang, H. J., Huang, C. X., Yang, G., Zang, Q. S., Wang, Z. G., Wu, S. D., and Zhang, Z. F., Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Cu-Al alloys subjected to equal channel angular pressing, Acta Mater., 57 (2009) 1586-1601.
3. Yang, G., Huang, C. X., Wang, C., Zhang, L. Y., Hu, C., Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., Enhancement of mechanical properties of heat-resistant martensitic steel processed by equal channel angular pressing, Mater. Sci. Eng., A515 (2009) 199-206.
4. An, X. H., Lin, Q. Y., Qu, S., Yang, G., Wu, S. D., and Zhang, Z. F., Influence of stacking fault energy on shear strain accommodation of Cu-Al alloys subjected to one-pass equal channel angular pressing, J. Mater. Res., 2009, in press.
5. Tian, Y. Z., Han, W. Z., Yang, H. J., Zou, H. F., Wu, S. D., and Zhang, Z. F., Shear banding observations of Cu-8wt%Ag alloy during one-pass equal channel angular pressing, Scripta Mater., 2009, in press.
6. Han, W. Z., Li, S. X., Wu S. D., Zhang, Z. F., Deformation mechanism of single crystals and bicrystals subjected to equal-channel angular pressing--Review, Mater. Sci. Forum, 633-634 (2010) 511-525.
Papers in 2008 Year (13)
7. Han, W. Z., Cheng, G. M., Li, S. X., Wu, S. D., and Zhang, Z. F., Deformation induced micro-twins and stacking faults in aluminum single crystal, Phys. Rev. Lett., 101 (2008) 115505.
8. An, X. H., Han, W. Z., Huang, C. X., Zhang, P., Yang, G., Wu, S. D., and Zhang, Z. F., High strength and utilizable ductility of bulk ultrafine-grained Cu-Al alloys, Appl. Phys. Lett., 92 (2008) 201915.
9. Han, W. Z., Wu, S. D., Li, S. X., and Zhang, Z. F., Origin of deformation twinning from grain boundary in copper, Appl. Phys. Lett., 92 (2008) 221909.
10. Han, W. Z., Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., Li, S. X., Combined effects of crystallographic orientation, stacking fault energy and grain size on deformation twinning in FCC crystals, Philos. Mag., 88 (2008) 3011-3029.
11. Huang, C. X., Wu, S. D., Li, S. X., and Zhang, Z. F., Strain hardening behavior of ultrafine-grained Cu by analyzing their tensile stress-strain curves, Adv. Eng. Mater., 10 (2008) 434-438.
12. Han, W. Z., Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., Huang, C. X., and Li, S. X., Orientation design for enhancing deformation twinning in copper single crystal subjected to equal channel angular pressing, Adv. Eng. Mater., 10 (2008), Issue 12.
13. Han, W. Z., Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., and Li, S. X., Investigation on the geometrical aspect during equal channel angular pressing by in-situ physical modeling experiments, Mater. Sci. Eng., A476 (2008) 224-229.
14. Qu, S., Huang, C. X., Gao, Y. L., Yang, G., Wu, S. D., Zang, Q. S., and Zhang, Z. F., Tensile and compressive properties of 304L stainless steel subjected to equal channel angular pressing, Mater. Sci. Eng., A475 (2008) 207-216.
15. Huang, C. X., Yang, G., Gao, Y. L., Wu, S. D., and Zhang, Z. F., Influence of processing temperature on the microstructures and tensile properties of 304L stainless steel by ECAP, Mater. Sci. Eng., A485 (2008) 643-650.
16. Wang, J. W., Duan, Q. Q., Huang, C. X., Wu, S. D., and Zhang, Z. F., Tensile and compressive behaviors of commercially pure Al subjected to equal channel angular pressing with different dies, Mater. Sci. Eng., A496 (2008) 409-416.
17. Han, W. Z., Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., and Li, S. X., Response to comments on “Influence of crystallographic orientations on deformation mechanism and grain refinement of Al single crystals subjected to one-pass equal channel angular pressing”, Scripta Mater., 59 (2008) 385-386.
18. Han, W. Z., Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., and Li, S. X., Reply to comments on “Influence of crystallographic orientations on deformation mechanism and grain refinement of Al single crystals subjected to one-pass equal channel angular pressing”, Scripta Mater., 59 (2008) 421-423.
19. Huang, C. X., Yang, H. J., Wu, S. D., and Zhang, Z. F., Microstructural characterizations of Cu processed by ECAP from 4 to 24 passes, Mater. Sci. Forum, 584-596 (2008) 333-337.
Papers in 2005-2007 Year (10)
20. Han, W. Z., Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., and Li, S. X., Influence of crystallographic orientations on deformation mechanism and grain refinement of Al single crystals subjected to one-pass equal channel angular pressing, Acta Mater., 55 (2007) 5889-5900.
21. Huang, C. X., Wang, K., Wu, S. D., Zhang, Z. F., Li, G. Y., and Li, S. X., Deformation twinning in polycrystalline copper at room temperature and low strain rate, Acta Mater., 54 (2006) 655-665.
22. Huang, C. X., Yang, G., Gao, Y. L., Wu, S. D., Li, S. X., and Zhang, Z. F., Formation mechanism of nanostructures in an ultra-low carbon stainless steel during equal channel angular pressing, Philos. Mag., 87 (2007) 4949-4971.
23. Han, W. Z., Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., and Li, S. X., The nature of shear flow lines in ECAPed metals and alloys, Philos. Mag. Lett., 87 (2007) 735-741.
24. Han, W. Z., Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., Li, S. X., and Wang, Y. D., Anisotropic compressive properties of iron submitted to single equal channel angular pressing, Philos. Mag. Lett., 86 (2006) 435-441.
25. Fang, D. R., Duan, Q. Q., Zhao, N. Q., Li, J. J., Wu, S. D., and Zhang, Z. F., Tensile properties and fracture mechanism of Al-Mg alloy subjected to equal channel angular pressing, Mater. Sci. Eng., A459 (2007) 137-145.
26. Fang, D. R., Zhang, P., Duan, Q. Q., Wu, S. D., Zhang, Z. F., Zhao, N. Q., and Li, J. J., Fatigue behaviors of Al-Cu alloy subjected to equal-channel angular pressing, Adv. Eng. Mater., 9 (2007) 860-866.
27. Fang, D. R., Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., Huang, C. X., Zhang, H., Zhao, N. Q., and Li, J. J., Effect of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) on tensile properties and fracture modes of casting Al-Cu alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng., A426 (2006) 305-313.
28. Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., Li, Y. J., Liu, S. M., and Wang, Z. G., Cyclic deformation and fatigue properties of Al-0.7wt%Cu alloy produced by equal channel angular pressing, Mater. Sci. Eng., A412 (2005) 279-286.
29. Fang, D. R., Duan, Q. Q., Huang, C. X., Wu, S. D., Zhang, Z. F., Li, J. J., Zhao, N. Q., Impact properties of Al-Cu alloys subjected to equal channel angular pressing, Acta Metall. Sinica, 43 (2007) 1251-1255.
Papers in 2002-2004 Year (7)
30. T. Liu, W. Zhang, S. D. Wu, C. B. Jiang, S. X. Li, and Y. B. Xu, Mechanical properties of a two-phase alloy Mg-8%Li-1%Al processed by equal channel angular pressing, Mater. Sci. Eng., A360 (2003) 345
31.    T. Liu, Y. D. Wang, S. D. Wu, R. Lin Peng, C. X. Huang, C. B. Jiang, S. X. Li, Textures and mechanical behaviors of Mg-3.3%Li alloy after ECAP, Scr. Mater., 51 (2004) 1057-1061
32. Lin L, Liu Z, Chen LJ, Liu T, Wu SD. Microstructure evolution and low temperature superplasticity of ZK40 magnesium alloy subjected to ECAP. METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL ., 10 (2004) 501-506.
33.    Huang CX, Wu SD, Li GY, Liu T, Jiang CB, Li SX. Effect of cyclic deformation on room temperature tensile behaviors of ultrafine grained copper. Acta Metall. Sinica,40 (2004) 1165-1169.
34. Liu T, Zhang W, Wu SD, Jiang CB, Li SX, Xu YB. Equal channel angular pressing of a two-phase alloy Mg-8Li-1Al. Deformation modes during ECAP. Acta Metall. Sinica,39 (2003) 790-794.
35. Liu T, Zhang W, Wu SD, Jiang CB, Li SX, Xu YB.Equal channel angular pressing of a two-phase alloy Mg-8Li-1AlII. Room temperature tensile properties of the alloy processed by ECAP. Acta Metall. Sinica,39 (2003) 795-798.
36. Wu SD, Wang ZG, Jiang CB, Li GY, Alexandrov IV, Valiev RZ. The formation of PSB-like shear bands in cyclically deformed ultrafine grained copper processed by ECAP. Scr. Mater., 49 (2002) 1605-1609.

[ Last edited by anxianghai7681 on 2009-11-3 at 09:56 ]

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