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宋远涛

铁杆木虫 (著名写手)

涛:tuzi24:

[交流] 求助乙腈的纯化工艺。。400金币

主要是实验室用过的废乙腈,想重复使用。。。。
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leegane

金虫 (正式写手)

Acetonitrile (methyl cyanide) [75-05-8] M 41.1, b 81.6°, d25
0.77683, n 1.3441, n25
1.34163. Commercial acetonitrile is a byproduct of the reaction of propylene and ammonia to acrylonitrile.
The following procedure that significantly reduces the levels of acrylonitrile, allyl alcohol, acetone and *benzene
was used by Kiesel [Anal Chem 52 2230 1988]. Methanol (30OmL) is added to 3L of acetonitrile fractionated
at high reflux ratio until the boiling temperature rises from 64° to 80°, and the distillate becomes optically clear
down to X = 240nm. Add sodium hydride (Ig) free from paraffin, to the liquid, reflux for lOmin, and then distil
rapidly until about 10OmL of residue remains. Immediately pass the distillate through a column of acidic
alumina, discarding the first 15OmL of percolate. Add 5g of CaH2 and distil the first 5OmL at a high reflux
ratio. Discard this fraction, and collect the following main fraction. The best way of detecting impurities is by
gas chromatography.
Usual contaminants in commercial acetonitrile include F^O, acetamide, NH4OAc and NH3. Anhydrous CaSO4
and CaCl2 are inefficient drying agents. Preliminary treatment of acetonitrile with cold, satd aq KOH is
undesirable because of base-catalysed hydrolysis and the introduction of water. Drying by shaking with silica
gel or Linde 4A molecular sieves removes most of the water in acetonitrile. Subsequent stirring with CaH2
until no further hydrogen is evolved leaves only traces of water and removes acetic acid. The acetonitrile is then
fractionally distd at high reflux, taking precaution to exclude moisture by refluxing over CaH2 [Coetzee Pure
Appl Chem 13 429 1966]. Alternatively, 0.5-1% (w/v) P2O$ is often added to the distilling flask to remove
most of the remaining water. Excess ?2O5 should be avoided because it leads to the formation of an orange
polymer. Traces of ?2O5 can be removed by distilling from anhydrous ^CO3.
107楼2009-11-03 13:03:15
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472514568

至尊木虫 (职业作家)

小木虫议政大臣兼协办大学士

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宋远涛(金币+4):谢谢参与
宋远涛(金币+10,VIP+0): 10-28 23:10
宋远涛(金币+1,VIP+0):谢谢 10-28 23:38
宋远涛(金币+1,VIP+0): 10-28 23:38
宋远涛(金币+1,VIP+0): 10-28 23:38
宋远涛(金币+10,VIP+0): 10-28 23:38
乙腈,液体,有与醚相似的气味。bp 81.5
工业上,乙腈是丙烯与氨反应生产丙烯腈的副产物,所以乙腈中常含水、丙烯腈、醚、氨等杂质,,甚至还有乙酸和氨等水解产物。
  在乙腈中加入五氧化二磷(0。5-1%W/V),可以除去其中的大部分水。应避免加入过量的五氧化二磷,否则可能生成橙色聚合物。在馏出的乙腈中加入少量的碳酸钾在蒸馏,可以出去很亮的五氧化二磷,最后用分馏柱分馏。
  加入硅胶或4A分子筛并摇晃,也可以除去乙腈中的大部分水,继后,使之与氢氧化钙一起搅拌,至不再放出氢气为止,分馏,这样也可以做到只含痕量水而不含乙酸的乙腈,乙腈还可以与二氯甲烷、苯和三氯乙烯一期恒沸蒸馏而干燥。
  乙腈液少量氢氧化钾溶液(1ml,1%溶液/L)进行初回流,可以除去其中的不饱和腈。乙腈中含异腈时,可用浓盐酸处理而出去,之后,用碳酸钾干燥,蒸馏。
  注意!乙腈有毒,对皮肤有刺激性,应避免吸入气蒸汽。

另外你可以参考下这篇文献:高效液相色谱法测糖后的流动相中乙腈的回收与纯化.pdf:下载地址:http://www.namipan.com/d/%e9%ab% ... 84ff07d6da5e0820000

[ Last edited by 472514568 on 2009-10-28 at 22:15 ]
保持心灵的纯洁
2楼2009-10-28 22:10:56
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wg423

超级版主 (文学泰斗)

优秀区长优秀区长优秀区长优秀版主

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宋远涛(金币+4):谢谢参与
宋远涛(金币+1,VIP+0): 10-28 23:38
要是除水用五氧化二磷

[ Last edited by wg423 on 2009-10-28 at 22:24 ]
感谢小猴nicky友情提供:中原骏马搜求尽,堂中各有三千士。大梁一旦人代改,人似秋鸿来有信。
3楼2009-10-28 22:16:38
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duan2008

铁杆木虫 (著名写手)

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宋远涛(金币+4):谢谢参与
宋远涛(金币+1,VIP+0): 10-28 23:39
除水用五氧化二磷或许可以点。

[ Last edited by duan2008 on 2009-10-28 at 22:30 ]
5楼2009-10-28 22:19:23
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