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¾ÍÊÇÒ»Ò³pdf£¬ÊÇһƪ½Ð×ö£º¡¶Teachers as Researchers¡·µÄÎÄÕÂÖеÄÒ»¶Î£¬Çó½á¹û£¬ÓÐÒâÕßÇëÎñ±ØÈÏÕæ£¬½ð±ÒÖ»¸øÒ»ÈË Fickle Knowledge and Subtle Interests To put the point simply, what we designate as knowledge is fickle, subject to change given our contexts and interests. J¨¹rgen Habermas illustrated this concept in his theory of cognitive interests (or knowledgeconstitutive interests). The premise on which a theory rests involves the idea that knowledge cannot be separated from human interests. Knowledge, he argued, over the last couple of centuries has become a product of an empirical-analytic methodology¡ªthe impact of the positivistic tradition. ¡®Where did this methodology arise?¡¯ he asks. Did it just emerge from trial and error? Habermas bases his theory on the answer to these questions. There are three forms of knowledge, Habermas maintains, and all three exist as a result of specific historical circumstances. As humans struggle to survive and confront the problems which challenge them, they develop particular concerns (interests) which determine their definition of knowledge. The three forms of knowledge are based on: (1) the technical interest¡ªdata which increase the human power of technical control; (2) the practical interest¡ªinformation which allows for people to be understood symbolically; and (3) the emancipatory interest¡ªinformation which helps bring about human autonomy by the analysis of distorted communication activities (critical knowledge) (MacDonald, 1975; Keat, 1981). Let us examine these interests in a little more detail. The understanding of the implicit interests which help humans define the nature of what is called knowledge is an important step in making sense of how research is conducted in education and what it tells us. The Technical Interest This interest is based on an understanding of the human¡¯s role as a toolmaking animal who survives via his or her use of the natural world. Thus, humans have a need for knowledge which contributes to the control of natural processes¡ªtechnically useful knowledge. In this empirical-analytic mode of knowing, particular phenomena are classified under general categories. When one examines phenomena with these categories in mind, knowledge is produced which enables researchers to duplicate conditions and to reproduce results. The technical interest is served as empiricalanalytic knowledge is used to predict patterns of events. Such predictability allows for a measure of control. Thus, positivism is a child of the technical interest. It is not inappropriate, Habermas concludes, to study phenomena (even social phenomena) in this manner. The point is that researchers whoare tied exclusively to this procedure are incapable of comprehending the social world. [ Last edited by Öñ×Ó9722 on 2009-10-13 at 21:40 ] |
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