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wohenchun

银虫 (正式写手)

[交流] 感冒与口罩

写在最前:
最近发现,所谓的防病毒口罩卖的是相当贵,越贵越有人买,越贵越断货。
没有相关的知识,买最贵的,没错。正好我有这方面得知识,在这里贡献出来,买就买对的。
下文分为:PartA,个人购买指南;PartB,口罩相关知识;PartC,商机指南;PartD,相关知识求助



PartA:
购买指南:
按防护性能从低到高排序,同等防护性能按价格从低到高排序
3M8670F,N95口罩:http://search1.taobao.com/browse/0/n-g,ha3domcg----------------40--commend-0-all-0.htm?ssid=e-s5&at_topsearch=1
3M1870,N95口罩:
http://item.taobao.com/auction/i ... 33831e.htm?cm_cat=0
3M1860,N95口罩:
http://search1.taobao.com/browse/0/n-g,guydambtgq2tqlbvgaydaobxhe4cynjqgaydenbsgewdemjrgqwdgnjqgiyta-------------1----------------------0-----------------------g,gngtcobwga----------------40--bid-0-all-0.htm?ssid=p001-s5#ListView
3M9211,N95口罩:
http://item.taobao.com/auction/i ... 5f806da40df8d.jhtml
3M9332,P3口罩:
http://search1.taobao.com/browse/0/n-g,guydambtgq2tqlbvgaydaojqgq3synjqgaydqnrvg4wdkmbqgeytcnjqfqzdcmju-------------1----------------------0-----------------------g,gngtsmztgi----------------40--bid-0-all-0.htm?ssid=s15#ListView
3M8233,N100口罩:
http://search1.taobao.com/browse ... ------------------g,gnwtqmrtgm----------------40--bid-0-all-0.htm?ssid=s5#ListView

(参见:http://solutions.3m.com/wps/port ... _id=www.My3MN95.com
http://multimedia.mmm.com/mws/me ... s6EVs66s8qUCOrrrrQ-
注:The U.S. FDA has cleared these respirators, Models 8612F and 8670F for use by the general public in public health medical emergencies, such as an influenza pandemic, to help reduce wearer exposures to airborne germs.)


PartB:
美国NIOSH和欧盟149标准


一、美国国家职业安全与健康研究院(NIOSH)粉尘类呼吸防护新标42CFR84 1995年6月8日公布(根据滤料分类)
N系列:防护非油性悬浮颗粒 无时限
R系列:防护非油性悬浮颗粒及汗油性悬浮颗粒 时限八小时
P系列:防护非油性悬浮颗粒及汗油性悬浮颗粒
无时限有些颗粒物的载体是有油性时,而这些物质附在静电无纺布上会降低电性,使细小粉尘穿透,因此对于防含油气溶胶的滤料要经过特殊的静电处理,以达到防细小粉尘的目的。所以每系列又划分出了3个水平:95%,99%,99.97%(即简称为95,99,100),所以共有9小类滤料。
二、欧盟EN149标准:
FFP1:最低过滤效果》80%
FFP2:最低过滤效果》94%
FFP3:最低过滤效果》97%
(参见http://multimedia.mmm.com/mws/me ... s6EVs66S2tkCOrrrrQ-
3M Responds to H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu) Outbreaks

The recent outbreaks of H1N1 influenza are a concern to everyone. 3M is working diligently to respond to the situation and many of our employees around the world are dedicated to providing services and support where needed.
3M provides a number of products intended for use by workers and the general public in these situations. 3M experts are working with public health agencies and professionals globally to provide products to those areas most acutely affected by the outbreaks. We take our responsibility to our customers and health authorities very seriously and have preparedness plans in place to manage product supply and demand and to maintain business continuity.
3M continues to monitor development of the H1N1 influenza outbreak and the recommendations made by the World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the U.S., the EU CDC…and other health care agencies around the world.
(摘自http://solutions.3m.com/wps/portal/3M/en_US/WW/3MResponse
3M N95及以上级别产品列表:

3M™ Dust Respirators
•        Particulate Respirator 8110S, N95 160/Case
•        Particulate Respirator 8200/07023(AAD), N95 160/Case
•        Particulate Respirator 8210, N95 160/Case
•        Particulate Respirator 8210Plus, N95 160/Case
•        Particulate Respirator 8210PlusPro, N95 80/Case
•        Particulate Respirator 8211, N95 80/Case
•        Particulate Respirator 8233, N100 20/Case
•        Particulate Respirator 8240, R95 120/Case
•        Particulate Respirator 8271, P95 80/Case
•        Particulate Respirator 8293, P100 20/Case
•        Particulate Respirator 8511, N95 80/Case
•        Particulate Respirator 8511Pro, N95 40/Case
•        Particulate Respirator 9010, N95
•        Particulate Respirator 9210/37021(AAD), N95 240/Case
•        Particulate Respirator 9211/37022(AAD), N95 120/Case
•        Probed Particulate Respirator 8233Q, N100 20/Case
•        Probed Particulate Respirator 8293Q, P100 20/Case

3M™ Healthcare Particulate Respirator and Surgical Mask
•        Health Care Particulate Respirator and Surgical Mask 1860 120 per case
•        Health Care Particulate Respirator and Surgical Mask 1860S, Small 120 per case
•        Health Care Particulate Respirator and Surgical Mask 1870

3M™ Welding Fume Respirators
•        Particulate Respirator 8214, N95, with Faceseal and Nuisance Level Organic Vapor Relief 80/Case
•        Particulate Respirator 8514, N95, with Nuisance Level Organic Vapor Relief 80/Case
•        Particulate Welding Respirator 8212, N95, with Faceseal 80/Case
•        Particulate Welding Respirator 8512, N95 80/Case
•        Particulate Welding Respirator 8515/07189(AAD), N95 80/Case
(摘自http://solutions.3m.com/wps/port ... H0DBPbeF3RH7CD92Ngl

PartC:
商机指南:
一.市场现状
1.从时间看,防病毒口罩一年来的总体价格走势:5月份价格最高,8月份价格是阶段性低谷,9月底价格开始急速上升。
2.从产品线看,3M1860是市场最熟悉的产品(拜非典以及它彩色的外表所赐),经历了5月份的恐慌,抢购,囤货,提价。目前的价格体系混乱,售价和成本严重偏离,正品的利润率估计为400%,市面上有大量假货,风险极大。
目前3M9332的价格正在被炒起来,正品利润率估计为100%-200%,市面上有少量假货(3M9332为3片结构且带呼气阀,小厂仿制不易)
二.产品金矿
1.
3M8670F,与市场上的明星产品3M1860同为FDA认可的预防感冒的产品,防护级别都是N95,3M1860卖到20,而3M8670F只卖3块。目前,长春这边防病毒口罩卖到18一个,还断货。至于说为什么价格差这么大,原因是3M8670F产地为英国,渠道受限,国内供货稀少,不具备炒作价值。
2.
3M1870,价值同3M8670F。
三.风险管理
1.目前猪流感进入小区流行阶段,感传染性强,但毒性不高,并未引起公众恐慌。据世界卫生组织预测,猪流感今年冬天大规模流行。国内目前并未见恐慌,因此市场的火热程度不好预测。
2.口罩的相关知识没有普及,市场上,纱质,棉质的口罩已经铺货,已经挤占了市场份额,除了少量十几层纱的口罩之外,其它并没有防病毒的效果。
四.商业道德
我看到,学校里,进价一块钱的单层棉口罩,卖三块。药店里,进价3毛一个的单层薄棉口罩卖3块钱2个。我不反对暴利,我反对无良的商人。
让有时间有兴趣的同学做有良的商人吧。

PartD 相关知识求助
关于流感的传播途径,以及除戴口罩以外的注意事项,请做补充,特别是学医的同学请留意一下。请回复或者发站内信。
关于其他品牌的口罩,国内的,国外的,请熟悉的同学补充。
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