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【资源】Elemental Speciation
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It is a pleasure for me to introduce this volume on Elemental Speciation, edited by J.A. Caruso, K.L. Sutton and K.L Ackley. The reason for having such a book in the Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry series is quite obvious: elemental speciation has grown so rapidly during the last decades that a comprehensive overview was urgently needed. Elemental speciation analysis of today bears little resemblance to the speciation that many of us would have learnt thirty years ago. The book contains fifteen chapters, each of them written by highly recognised specialists in the field. The work considers the analytical methods for speciation analysis as a whole, and for this reason it covers the complete analytical process from sampling and sample preparation to instrumentation. Separation methods, such as chromatography and electrophoresis, are combined with the use of plasma detection, including various forms of mass spectrometry. The book gives a comprehensive view of the field by also including a large number of applications in different areas like clinical, environmental and biological chemistry, and ends with a chapter on quality assurance aspects, e.g. the use of reference materials. As the new Editor of the series, I would like to congratulate first of all the Editors, for their excellent volume. I also would like to thank the authors for the time and effort they put into preparing their chapters. Without their co-operation and engagement this volume would certainly not have been possible. D. Barcel6 Research Professor Department of Environmental Chemistry, HUQAB-CSIC Jordi Girona 18-26 08034 Barcelona Spain Introduction Joseph A. Caruso, Kathryn L. Ackley and Karen L. Sutton Elemental speciation is an information-rich method of trace element analysis. It provides information about the actual chemical form of an element rather than just its total amount in a sample. What is elemental speciation, as the definition is generally understood? A number of the chapters in this volume suggest definitions for elemental speciation that closely overlap. However, Chapter 15 by Quevauviller on quality assurance uses various related IUPAC definitions [1] and they are reproduced here: - Chemical species; species chemical element defined as to molecular, complex, electronic or nuclear structure. - Speciation analysis quantities of one or more individual chemical species in a sample. - Speciation of an element; speciation: distribution of defined chemical species of an element in a system. From this we infer that "elemental speciation" may be defined as the analyses that lead to determining the distribution of an element's particular chemical species in a sample. Further, this will usually be associated with oxidation state, organometallic nature or complex form. The word "metal" or words containing it will be used loosely since metalloids such as arsenic and selenium are common elements of interest in elemental speciation studies. Major effort will be given to elemental speciation studies in the next decade since total trace element analyses often lack sufficient information to provide adequate risk/benefit assessments. As examples, many people are aware of the different risk or benefit levels associated with organoarsenicals or organoselenium compounds. To adequately analyze for elemental species requires much more development than for the total elemental analysis. Challenges include sampling and sample preparation, highly selective separation methods well matched to the detector, and detectors to give more elemental species information beyond that available from the often used atmospheric pressure argon inductively coupled plasma, which requires chromatographic retention time standards to be useful. 下载地址：http://d.namipan.com/d/0081341c0 ... 8461261d7988b997700 希望对大家有用 |
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