| 查看: 1135 | 回复: 7 | ||
| 【奖励】 本帖被评价4次，作者wuli8增加金币 4 个 | ||
| 当前主题已经存档。 | ||
| 当前只显示满足指定条件的回帖，点击这里查看本话题的所有回帖 | ||
[资源]
【转帖】Magnetic Monopoles Detected In A Real Magnet For The First Time
|
||
|
ScienceDaily (Sep. 4, 2009) — Researchers from the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie have, in cooperation with colleagues from Dresden, St. Andrews, La Plata and Oxford, for the first time observed magnetic monopoles and how they emerge in a real material. Results of their research are being published in the journal Science. Magnetic monopoles are hypothetical particles proposed by physicists that carry a single magnetic pole, either a magnetic north pole or south pole. In the material world this is quite exceptional because magnetic particles are usually observed as dipoles, north and south combined. However there are several theories that predict the existence of monopoles. Among others, in 1931 the physicist Paul Dirac was led by his calculations to the conclusion that magnetic monopoles can exist at the end of tubes – called Dirac strings – that carry magnetic field. Until now they have remained undetected. Jonathan Morris, Alan Tennant and colleagues (HZB) undertook a neutron scattering experiment at the Berlin research reactor. The material under investigation was a single crystal of Dysprosium Titanate. This material crystallises in a quite remarkable geometry, the so called pyrochlore-lattice. With the help of neutron scattering Morris and Tennant show that the magnetic moments inside the material had reorganised into so-called 'spin-spaghetti'. This name comes from the ordering of the dipoles themselves, such that a network of contorted tubes (strings) develops, through which magnetic flux is transported. These can be made visible by their interaction with the neutrons which themselves carry a magnetic moment. Thus the neutrons scatter as a reciprocal representation of the Strings. During the neutron scattering measurements a magnetic field was applied to the crystal by the researchers. With this field they could influence the symmetry and orientation of the strings. Thereby it was possible to reduce the density of the string networks and promote the monopole dissociation. As a result, at temperatures from 0.6 to 2 Kelvin, the strings are visible and have magnetic monopoles at their ends. The signature of a gas made up by these monopoles has also been observed in heat capacity measured by Bastian Klemke (HZB). Providing further confirmation of the existence of monopoles and showing that they interact in the same way as electric charges. In this work the researchers, for the first time, attest that monopoles exist as emergent states of matter, i.e. they emerge from special arrangements of dipoles and are completely different from the constituents of the material. However, alongside this fundamental knowledge, Jonathan Morris explains the further meaning of the results: "We are writing about new, fundamental properties of matter. These properties are generally valid for materials with the same topology, that is for magnetic moments on the pyrochlore lattice. For the development of new technologies this can have big implications. Above all it signifies the first time fractionalisation in three dimensions is observed."-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Journal reference: D.J.P. Morris, D.A. Tennant, S.A. Grigera, B. Klemke, C. Castelnovo, R. Moessner, C. Czter-nasty, M. Meissner, K.C. Rule, J.-U. Hoffmann, K. Kiefer, S. Gerischer, D. Slobinsky, and R.S. Perry. Dirac Strings and Magnetic Monopoles in Spin Ice Dy2Ti2O7. Science, 2009; DOI: 10.1126/science.1178868 Adapted from materials provided by Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/09/090903163725.htm [ Last edited by wuli8 on 2009-9-8 at 13:40 ] |
回复此楼» 猜你喜欢
今日不放榜？网传国自然预计 8 月 27 日可查结果
已经有21人回复
-
能否退出参与的面上项目解除限项
已经有17人回复
-
估计是周四
已经有4人回复
-
我面上完蛋了
已经有9人回复
-
2026国自然函评费到账
已经有18人回复
-
建议基金发布提前给出明确的时间点
已经有15人回复
-
范进中举一文的中心思想
已经有7人回复
-
朋友圈看到的
已经有9人回复
-
让我中一个面上吧！
已经有16人回复
-
放榜前的不淡定
已经有17人回复
4楼2009-09-08 16:44:54
2楼2009-09-08 13:55:22
3楼2009-09-08 14:07:02
5楼2009-09-13 07:49:32
20