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1. Simile£º(Ã÷Ó÷)It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison£¬ words like as£¬ as¡­¡­as£¬ as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.For example£¬ As cold waters to a thirsty soul£¬ so is good news from a far country.

2. Metaphor£º(°µÓ÷)It is like a simile£¬ also makes a comparison between two unlike elements£¬ but unlike a simile£¬ this comparison is implied rather than stated.For example£¬ the world is a stage.

ÒÔÉÏÁ½ÖÖµÄgre¿¼ÊÔÓ÷ÀàÐ޴DZȽϼòµ¥£¬ÔÚÔËÓõÄʱ·ÖÏ뵽ʲôÊʺϵı¾ÌåºÍÓ÷Ìå¾ÍÄܹ»½øÐС°Ó÷¡±¡£

3. Anal**y£º (Àà±È)It is also a form of comparison£¬ but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance£¬ anal**y draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.

Àà±ÈµÄѧϰ×îºÃµÄ½Ìʦ±ãÊÇArgument£¬°¢¹·Àï±ßµÄfalse anal**yÀà±ÈºÜ¶à¶¼ÊÇÔÛÃÇ×êÅ£½Ç¼âµÄÕÒ³öÀ´µÄ£¬¿ÉÊÇ£¬Êµ¼ÊÉÏÔÛÃǺܶàµÄÇé¿öÏÂÔÙÎÞ»°¿É˵µÄʱ·Ö¶¼Äܹ»ÔËÓÃÀà±È£¬greд×÷·½·¨, gre±¸¿¼Òª¶à¾Ã±È·½Ëµ£¬ÔÛÃÇÔÚÆÀÂÛÕþ¸®Ö°ÄܵÄʱ·Ö£¬¼ÙÉèÔÛÃDz»Á˽âÕþ¸®Ö°ÄÜ£¬ÔÛÃÇÄܹ»´ÓÔÛÃÇÁ˽âµÄ°²ÅÅ̸Æð£¬±È·½ÔÛÃÇÄܹ»ÆÀÂ۰༶£¬Ð£Ô°£¬¹«Ë¾£¬»òÐíһЩ´óÐÍСÐͰ²ÅÅ£¬´ÓÒ»¸ö¾ßÌåµÄÎÊÌâµ½ÁíÒ»¸öÎÊÌâ¶ø±ÜÃâ̸һЩ²»Á˽âµÄÎÊÌâ¡£

¾ßÌåµÄ³Â˵Äܹ»ÈçÏ¿ªÕ¹ÀàËÆ£º

When comes to the issue of empowerment

1. This point can be better illustrated by comparing a class(ÄãÁ˽âµÄ) with a business(Äã²»Á˽âµÄ)¡£ È»ºóbusiness bla bla¡­

2.Teachers who possess power and exert it to conduct class play a similar role as business managers do. È»ºó£¬Ö»ÆÀÂÛ½²Ìò»ÆÀÂÛÉÌÒµÁË ÀýÈç~ Student who is granted/ given/ empowered/ endowed¡­¡­¡­ are more motivated¡­ power are not rightly supervised and restricted and the class get out of control will lead to/ result in/ turn into/ prove to be flop/ fiasco/ blunder/failure/ catastrophe¡­¡£

3. Elaborate a class½øÐоßÌåµÄclassÃè»æ

4. µã¾¦Ö®±Ê So is a business.Àà±ÈÆäʵ±ãÊÇijÖÖ²ãÃæÉϵÄÅÜÌ⣬´ó²¿·ÖµÄÅÜÌâÊÇÎÞÒâʶµÄ£¬¿ÉÊÇÔÛÃÇÒªÈÃÕâÖÖÓÐÒâͼµÄÅÜÌâΪÔÛÃǵÄÎÄÕ·þÎñ£¬Õâ±ãÊÇѧϰÀà±ÈÐ޴ǵĺ¬Ò嵨µã¡£

4. Personification£º (ÄâÈË)It gives human form of feelings to animals£¬ or life and personal attributes(¸³Óè) to inanimate(ÎÞÉúÃüµÄ) objects£¬ or to ideas and abstractions(³éÏó)¡£For example£¬ the wind whistled through the trees.

5. Hyperbole£º (¿äÕÅ) It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis.

For instance£¬ he almost died laughing.

6. Understatement£º (Íðת³Â˵) It is the opposite of hyperbole£¬ or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(¹ÊÒâµØ) understating it£¬ impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement.For instance£¬ It is no laughing matter.

7. Euphemism£º (ίÍñ) It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(ÎÞµÃ×ï) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant.For instance£¬ we refer to "die" as " pass away".

8. Metonymy (תÓ÷) It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another.For instance£¬ the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces)¡£

9. Synecdoche (ÌáÓ÷) It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole£¬ or the whole for the part.For instance£¬ they say there¡®s bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.

10. Antonomasia (»»Ó÷)It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now£¬ though it is still in frequent use. For example£¬ Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.

ÉÏÃæµÄ¼¸ÖÖÐÞ´ÇÊÖ·¨ÔÛÃÇÓÐʱ·ÖÔÚ²»¾­ÒâµÄʱ·Ö¾ÍÓÃÁË£¬¿ÌÒâµÄÈ¥¹¹Ë¼ÓÐʱ·Ö·´¶øÏë²»µ½£¬¶øÒ»°ã·ÇÓ¢ÓïרҵµÄͬѧҲ²»±ØÃ¿ÖÖÐÞ´ÇÊÖ·¨¶¼¾ßÌåÁ˽Ⲣѧϰ¡£

11. Pun£º (Ë«¹ØÓï) It is a play on words£¬ or rather a play on the form and meaning of words.

For instance£¬ a cannon-ball took off his legs£¬ so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings£º a person¡®s body; weapons carried by a soldier.)

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