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[资源] 【资源】Science and Technology of Shape-Memory Alloys New Developments(搜索无重�

Science and Technology of Shape-Memory Alloys New Developments
The martensitic (also called displacive or diffusionless) transformation is a classical
cooperative phenomenon in solids similar to ferromagnetism. Although the displacement
of each atom is not large, the transformation results in a macroscopic change in shape,
since all of the atoms move in the same direction in a domain or variant. As a result,
unique properties arise, such as the shape-memory effect and superelasticity, whose
characteristics are quite distinct from those of normal metals and alloys. Because of
these unique properties, shape-memory alloys (SMAs) have been used as new
functional materials for applications such as couplings, sensors, actuators, and antennas
for cellular phones. In this issue of MRS Bulletin, we present an overview of recent
progress in this field. In this introductory article, we discuss fundamental notions, such
as the mechanism of the shape-memory effect, the martensitic transformation, and
superelasticity, along with examples of applications and other important recent topics
not treated in the following articles. It will be shown that progress in the science and
technology of shape-memory alloys has been achieved by the side-by-side development
of fundamentals and applications.
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