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【资源】书评Aptamers in Bioanalysis---zz
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http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja906077x This book covers various applications of aptamers as biosensors. The chapters are organized in three major groups: (1) general aspects of aptamers and their selection, (2) aptamers as biosensors, and (3) applications of aptamer biosensors. It is clear even from the Table of Contents that aptamers have been utilized in many types of analytical techniques, including electrochemical, atomic force microscopy, capillary electrophoresis, spectrophotometric, and fluorometric. These applications are well described. However, the chapters tend to be repetitive, often reviewing the same applications and published works several times with little or no discussion of other approaches, such as the applications of aptamer biosensors in microcantilevers, photoinduced electron transfer, aptamer-coated SAW sensors, and evanescent-coupled field-guide wave sensors. The book focuses on a relatively small number of aptamers that have been adapted as biosensors. Although it is true that the thrombin, IgE, and ATP aptamers have been used frequently for such applications, these are not the only ones utilized for this purpose. It would have been useful if other examples, such as the interferon gamma, guanine, neomycin, HCV, and some viral protein aptamers, had also been discussed to give a broader view of the general applicability of aptamers in measuring analyte concentrations. A disappointment is the lack of critical analysis of the analytical methods used. For example, no mention is made of inter- or intra-assay variations for any of the assays described. Despite bioanalysis being a quantitative science, there is little discussion of quantification or of the statistical analysis of the results from any of the methods. Parameters and conditions that influence the output, such as the densities of surface-attached aptamer biosensors, the temperature at which the analysis was performed, or the magnitude and variation of the background activity of the sensor in the absence of analyte, are generally not discussed. In almost all cases, the most information given is the lower limit of detection and perhaps the effective concentration range of the analyte for the assay. Even when the opportunity arises to discuss an important complication in aptamer-based assays, the topic is not addressed rigorously. For example, in Chapter 4, a section is devoted to the interaction between cytochrome c and a DNA aptamer that is shown to be nonspecific rather than specific recognition of a protein topology by an aptamer. Although nonspecific interactions are very important to understand and control when developing an aptamer-based biosensor, the discussion is not of this nature; instead it is merely a report on the interaction and a reflection of its being nonspecific. Another important aspect of aptamers as biosensors, their ability to be regenerated, is touched on in several chapters but is not discussed thoroughly or quantitatively. Thus, in general, these aptamer-based sensors and the assays to which they have been applied are not evaluated for their robustness or promise for regular application in a bioanalytical laboratory. Despite its limitations, the book is very informative, particularly Chapters 6−12, in its discussions of a variety of applications of aptamers as biosensors, including showing primary data from experiments in which their applicability was tested. Chapter 12 is probably the most comprehensive, covering more applications than most and also touching on analytes other than proteins and ATP, such as DNA and cations. The diagrams throughout the book are very useful for illustrating the principles behind the analytical methods described and the role of aptamers as biosensors. In summary, this book provides descriptions of many applications of aptamers for biosensing, and for this reason, it is very useful and an interesting read. However, it is not comprehensive and the content is sometimes repetitive between chapters. Many procedures are well described, sometimes in great detail, but they are not critically evaluated as analytical methods. This lack of rigor limits the benefit of the book for those who wish to develop new aptamer-based biosensors or to improve those that exist. However, as a means of gaining insight into the many possibilities for aptamers and their applications as biosensors, this book is a good choice. |
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