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[资源] 【资源】Machinability of Powder Metallurgy Steels.pdf（版内无重复）

Contents
1. Introduction................................................................ 1
2. Powder Metallurgy Processes and Materials ....... 5
2.1 METAL POWDER PRODUCTION ................................................................ 5
2.1.1 Reduction of iron oxides .................................................................................. 6
2.1.2 Water atomisation of metal powders ............................................................... 9
2.1.3 Water atomisation of prealloyed powders ..................................................... 12
2.1.4 Oil atomisation .............................................................................................. 14
2.1.5 Inert gas atomisation .................................................................................... 14
2.2 CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ...
OF METAL POWDERS ................................................................................ 15
2.2.1 Basic characteristics of some iron and prealloyed powders ........................ 15
2.2.2 Impurities ...................................................................................................... 17
2.3 MIXING AND COMPACTION ..................................................................... 20
2.3.1 Cold die compaction ...................................................................................... 21
2.3.2 Warm compaction ......................................................................................... 23
2.3.3 New and developing compaction processes ................................................... 24
2.3.3.1 Cold die pressing with cross holes ............................................................................. 24
2.3.3.2.Warm flow compaction .............................................................................................. 24
2.3.3.3 High energy compaction ............................................................................................ 26
2.3.4. Powder forging and cold forging .................................................................. 27
2.3.4.1 Powder forging ........................................................................................................... 28
vii
2.3.4.2 Cold forging ............................................................................................................... 29
2.4 SINTERING................................................................................................... 30
2.4.1 Sintering temperature and time ................................................................... 32
2.4.2 Sintering atmosphere ................................................................................... 33
2.4.3 Carbon ........................................................................................................... 42
2.4.4 Sintering under getter .................................................................................. 44
2.4.5 Vacuum sintering ......................................................................................... 44
2.5 ALLOYING METHODS AND ALLOYING ELEMENTS .............................. 45
2.5.1 Alloying methods .......................................................................................... 45
2.5.1.1.Mixed alloy steels ....................................................................................................... 46
2.5.1.2 Diffusion alloyed steels .............................................................................................. 48
2.5.1.3 Prealloying ................................................................................................................. 50
2.5.1.4 Hybrid systems ............................................................................................................. 51
2.5.1.5 Coating and infiltration ............................................................................................ 52
2.5.2 Alloying elements ......................................................................................... 53
2.5.2.1 Alloying elements with low oxygen affinity ............................................................. 53
2.5.2.2 Alloying elements with high oxygen affinity ........................................................... 58
2.6 SECONDARY OPERATIONS ...................................................................... 63
2.6.1 Mechanical .................................................................................................... 63
2.6.2 Sintered gears from manganese steel without surface densification for high
dynamic loading ............................................................................................ 67
2.6.3 Heat treatment and surface hardening ......................................................... 68
2.6.3.1 Through hardening ................................................................................................... 70
2.6.3.2 Sinter hardening ........................................................................................................ 71
2.6.3.3 Case (surface) hardening ........................................................................................... 73
2.6.4 Hardfacing..................................................................................................... 73
2.6.5 Steam treatment and coating ........................................................................ 73
2.7 POROSITY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SINTERED IRON AND
STEEL ........................................................................................................... 74
2.7.1 Sintered iron ................................................................................................. 75
2.7.2 Iron–carbon, iron–copper steel .................................................................... 77
3. Principles of Machining of Steel ........................... 80
。。。。。。。。。。。。
http://d.namipan.com/d/b222ae410a5dc56d789014b0e593701b9595a146eee66600

[ Last edited by zjys5887 on 2009-8-7 at 14:59 ]

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