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ÊéÃû£ºLiquidDropletDyeLaser ×÷ÕߣºHatim Azzouz Ŀ¼£º Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 Hydrostatics of Microdroplets 6 2.1Introduction..............................6 2.2SurfaceTension............................6 2.2.1ForceandEnergyDescription................7 2.2.2SurfaceTensioninTheFormalismofThermodynamic..8 2.2.3TheYoungLaplaceEquation................10 2.2.4Bondnumber.........................11 2.3ContactAngle............................12 2.3.1TheYoungEquation.....................12 2.3.2Wetting............................14 2.3.3RoughSurfaces........................14 2.4SimulatingTheDropletShape...................16 3 Laser Theory and Fundamentals 20 3.1InteractionofradiationandMatter.................20 3.1.1DefinitionofRadiativeProcesses..............20 3.1.2Einstein¡¯sAandBcoe?cient................22 3.2PopulationInversionandLaserThreshold.............23 3.3EssentialElementsofaLaser....................24 3.3.1ThePump..........................24 3.3.2DyeLaserasTheActiveMedium..............25 3.3.3TheResonator........................26 3.4LaserOperation...........................27 3.5Multi-modeLaserOscillation....................29 4 The Resonator Model 32 4.1IntroductiontoTheSphericalDropletResonator.........32 4.2WhisperingGalleryModes......................33 4.3AnalyticalModelforModesinASphere..............36 4.3.1DiscussionofTheSimilaritiesbetweenTheResonatorModel andTheLiquidDroplet...................41 4.4NumericalCalculationsofTheModesinASphere........42 5 Fabrication of Hydrophobic Surfaces 50 5.1TheUntreatedSurfaces-AStandardofReference........50 5.2FluorocarbonDepositedSi-surfaces.................52 5.3Nanoglass GrownonSi-surfaces.................56 5.4BlackSiliconSurfaces........................57 5.4.1ReactiveIonEtching.....................57 5.4.2ContactAngleMeasurementsonBSSurfacesDeposited withTeflon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 5.5BSSurfacewithGrooves.......................62 5.6ScanningElectronMicroscope....................65 6 Materials and Setup 66 6.1TheMetallicSetupBox.......................66 6.2TheMicroscopeSystem.......................68 6.2.1TheTV-microscope.....................68 6.2.2TheSpectrometerandTheOpticalFiber.........69 6.3ThePumpLaser...........................70 6.4ThePeltierElement.........................70 6.5DropletCreation...........................72 6.5.1TheSprayingTechniqueandPipette............72 6.5.2TheTOPS-INPins......................72 6.5.3TheDipPenMethod....................73 6.6TheNd:YAGLaserSetup......................74 7 Optical Characterization 76 7.1OpticalPumpingLight........................76 7.2EvaporationofTheEthyleneGlycolDroplet............78 7.2.1EvaporationRate.......................78 7.2.2EvaporationRatewithTheUseofThePeltierElement DuringPumpLasing.....................80 7.3LasingMeasurements........................82 7.3.1DropletDyeLaseronARoughSi-fluorocarbonSurface.83 7.3.2DropletDyeLaseronABSSurface............87 7.3.3DropletDyeLaseronABS-grooveSurface........90 7.3.4Mode-spacing.........................94 7.4LevitatedLiquidDropletDyeLaser................96 7.4.1TheUltrasonicLevitator..................96 7.4.2LasingMeasurements....................97 7.4.3Mode-spacing.........................102 7.5Summary...............................104 ÏÂÔØµØÖ·£ºhttp://www.namipan.com/d/LiquidD ... 676aae0130e16a97d00 |
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