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[资源] 【资源】[PDF]Fundamentals of Laser Dynamics.Ya I Khanin.Cambridge.2006[New]

Fundamentals of Laser Dynamics

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Authors
Ya I Khanin
Publisher:Cambridge International Science Publishing Ltd
Pub Date: 2006
Pages: 376
ISBN 1-904602-11-8

Preface
The resonant interaction of the atomic system with the radiation field is
the main member of the functional circuit of the laser. The redistribution
of the population of the energy levels of the medium, accompanying this
interaction, indicates the principle of the unremovable nonlinearity of the
system. The lasing process is also affected by other nonlinearities, if they
are typical of the media located inside the laser cavity. The nature of the
processes may change as a result of the external effects, accompanying the
variation of the laser parameters with time.
Examination of the role of interactions and effects of this type and
also their influence on the time, spatial and spectral characteristics of laser
radiation and the justification of practical methods of controlling the
lasing process are the subjects of tasks in laser dynamics.
In the history of laser dynamics, which is now more than 30 years
old, there are two periods of the most rapid advances. The considerable
interest in the problems of dynamics arose with the construction of the
first solid-state lasers. This interest was stimulated by the fact that the
experimentally detected spike nature of lasing could not be satisfactorily
explained. The universal nature of the spike regime and of the absence of
visible reasons for the occurrence of this regime may have indicated that
the non-stationarity is the only property of the process of induced radiation
of condensed active media in the cavity. Therefore, in the initial investigations,
special attention was given to determining the possible mechanisms
of the instability of this process.
The first period, which included the 60s of the previous century, was
extremely fruitful for laser dynamics. The basic models were formulated,
their properties were investigated in general features, investigations were
carried out into the conditions of free lasing, active and passive modulation
of the Q-factor of the laser, and the fundamentals of the theory of
formation of giant pulses and mode synchronisation were laid. Using the
well-known definition of radiophysics, proposed by S.M. Rytov (in the
preface to his book, Introduction into statistical radiophysics, Nauka,
Moscow, 1966, S.M. Rytov subdivided radiophysics to ‘physics for radio’
and ‘radio for physics’), this period may be regarded as ‘physics for lasers’.
This period ended at the start of the 70s when it was established that
the spike regimes of solid-state lasers are formed mainly by technical fluctuations
of the parameters, and other problems of this type were solved.
The 70s were not marked by any significant achievements in laser
dynamics. The individual ‘grey areas’ remained but it appeared that their
number was smaller. For example, the regime of non-attenuating coherent
pulsations of the single-mode laser, which was mentioned many times by
the theoreticians, could not be realised. Doubts remained regarding the
true reasons for the irregular nature of spike lasing. Only a small amount
of work was carried out in the low-frequency dynamics of multi-mode
lasers. Nevertheless, it appeared that these are only small fragments and
no significant achievements were expected in laser dynamics.
However, these years were marked by the rapid progress in the theory
of nonlinear oscillations (nonlinear dynamics, as it is called now). The
scientific practice included concepts such as determined chaos and strange
attractor. The new concepts of nonlinear dynamics had a significant effect
on developments in greatly differing areas of science.
In this period, it was found that the laser belongs to the group of
systems which are capable not only of demonstrating complicated behaviour
but are also greatly suitable for the examination of general relationships of
nonlinear dynamics. This led to a new and rapid progress in the dynamics
of lasers, which started in the 80s and took place, in contrast to the first
period, under the name ‘Lasers for physics!’. The renewed attention paid
to the possibilities of examination of the determined chaos in lasers resulted
in the first experimental successes in 1982. Now, we have a large
amount of original literature on the subject, including both experimental
and theoretical investigations of complicated lasing regimes. This aspect
of laser dynamics was described in the book Dynamics of Lasers, by C.
Weiss and R. Vilaseca, Weinheim, New York, 1991.
However, the number of monographs on laser dynamics was smaller.
They all were published in the period to the 80s and were written in most
cases by Soviet authors. The latter cannot be regarded as surprising because
the contribution of Soviet authors to laser dynamics was significant.
In this connection, it is important to mention the monograph Molecular
Generators by A.N. Opaevskii (Nauka, Moscow, 1964), the book by K.G.
Folin and A.V. Gainer Dynamics of free lasing of solid-state lasers (Nauka,
Novosibirsk, 1979), the book Dynamics of radiation of semiconductor quantum
generators by L.A. Rivlin, and the book Dynamics and emission spectra
of semiconductor lasers, by L.A. Rivlin, et al (Radio i svyaz’, Moscow,
1983). This list should be supplemented by a later monograph Self-oscillations
in lasers, by A.M. Samson et al (Nauka i tekhnika, Minsk, 1990).
In each book special attention is given to the specific type of laser or specific
operating regime.
A significant contribution to the dynamic theory of lasers by the wellknown
German physicist H. Haken has been reflected in his monograph
Laser light dynamics published in the West in 1985 (Amsterdam, North
Holland). A list of foreign publications on the subject was supplemented
in 1997 by the book ‘Theoretical problems in cavity nonlinear optics (Cambridge:
Cambridge University press).
The attempts for systematization of the material on the subject and
explanation of the general situation were explained in the monograph by
the author of the present book, Dynamics of quantum generators. However,
events requiring that attention be paid to different subjects occurred
with time. The true position of a number of studies, which were previously
disregarded, was found. The positions of other studies, on the other hand,
proved to be less important than previously thought. Therefore, retaining
this material from the book Dynamics of quantum generators which withstood
the test of time, the author of the present book published a new book
under the name Principles of laser dynamics. The book was published in
1995 (Amsterdam: North Holland). Russian readers could not obtain this
book because of the extremely high price and inefficient advertising.
In this monograph, the free lasing of lasers in different conditions is
examined in detail. In the chapters, concerned with the subject (chapters 3
to 5), special attention is given to the stationary states and their stability,
the behaviour of lasers in the unstable region, the characteristics of regular
and random self-modulation processes and the nature of mechanisms
responsible for them.
The processes in the lasers, accompanying changes of the parameters
with time, are the subject of chapter 6. Special attention is given to the
response of the laser to low-intensity low-frequency modulation of the
parameters. Problems of the resonant amplification of modulation, transition
to the nonlinear regime, random response to the periodic effect, spike
lasing under the effect of changing geometry of the cavity and the drift of
temperature of the active element are studied.
The behaviour of the laser may change quantitatively if its optical
elements show nonlinear properties. More detailed investigations have been
carried out into the effect of a saturated absorber, leading to the instability
of stationary lasing and ensuring, in specific conditions, the passive modulation
of the Q-factor of the resonator. Less attention has been paid to the
effect, on the processes in the laser, of other nonlinear effects, in particular
self-focusing, which is also capable of having a strong effect on lasing
dynamics. All this is discussed in chapter 7 of the book.
The five main chapters are preceded by two chapters of introductory
nature. In one of the chapters, essential information is given on quantum
generators, requirements are formulated on the main elements of the laser,
and the extent to which these requirements are fulfilled in the generators
of different types is shown. The information on the types of dynamic
behaviour of lasers in relation to the ratio between the parameters is also
provided. In the second introductory chapter, the most general mathematical
models, used in the semiclassical laser theory are presented. Discussion
of idealisations and simplifications, used in different specific situations,
and also the ranges of the applicability are transferred to the chapters
in which the specific models are analysed. It is assumed that the reader
is acquainted with the main considerations of the modern theory of nonlinear
fluctuations. It is necessary, this information may be found in, from
various books and other sources, presented in the literature list. In this
connection, it is again necessary to mention the monograph by C. Weiss
and R. Vilaseca.
It is also important to mention the sections of laser dynamics which
for some reasons have not been reflected in this monograph. For example,
no mention is made of the concepts relating to the time evolution of the
spatial structures in the laser emission field. The section of nonlinear dynamics
of the optical systems is being developed. The author decided not
to include in the monograph the material on different methods of lasing of
the giant pulses because no significant changes have been made in this
area of quantum electronics from the date of publication of his previous
book. This may also be said of the theory of sweep lasers.
Finally, it is important to also mention inverse problems of laser dynamics.
This larger area of activity must be mentioned, but only small
parts have been developed. At the same time, the problem of extracting
information on the laser parameters and individual intra-cavity elements
are of considerable practical importance and, in this case, special use is
made of new concepts based on the advanced concepts of nonlinear dynamics.
Evidently, it is clear to the reader that the book is a physical rather
than mathematical version of the subject. This is justified by the fact that
in this case we are not concerned with nonlinear dynamics in general but
with laser dynamics, and this does not correspond to the scientific activity
of the author.
Laser dynamics is a rapidly developing science in which events take
place very frequently. In these conditions it is obvious that the material in
the book may not be complete and the situation will become worse with
time. Nevertheless, the already existing system of ‘eternal values’ makes
it possible to hope that the usefulness of the book will not decrease very
rapidly.

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Fundamentals of Laser Dynamics.Ya I Khanin.Cambridge.2006.pdf
Fundamentals of Laser Dynamics.Ya I Khanin.Cambridge.2006.pdf
Fundamentals of Laser Dynamics.Ya I Khanin.Cambridge.2006.pdf
Fundamentals of Laser Dynamics.Ya I Khanin.Cambridge.2006.pdf
Fundamentals of Laser Dynamics.Ya I Khanin.Cambridge.2006.pdf
Fundamentals of Laser Dynamics.Ya I Khanin.Cambridge.2006.pdf
Fundamentals of Laser Dynamics.Ya I Khanin.Cambridge.2006.pdf
Fundamentals of Laser Dynamics.Ya I Khanin.Cambridge.2006.pdf
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