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Computational Intelligence: An Introduction
Authors
  Andries P. Engelbrecht
Publisher:Wiley
Pub Date: 2002
Pages: 311
ISBN 0-470-84870-7

Preface
Man has learned much from studies of natural systems, using what has been learned
to develop new algorithmic models to solve complex problems. This book presents
an introduction to some of these technological paradigms, under the umbrella of
computational intelligence (CI). In this context, the book includes artificial neural
networks, evolutionary computing, swarm intelligence and fuzzy logic, which are
respectively models of the following natural systems: biological neural networks,
evolution, swarm behavior of social organisms, and human thinking processes.
Why this book on computational intelligence? Need arose from a graduate course,
where students do not have a deep background of artificial intelligence and mathematics.
Therefore the introductory nature, both in terms of the CI paradigms and
mathematical depth. While the material is introductory in nature, it does not shy
away from details, and does present the mathematical foundations to the interested
reader. The intention of the book is not to provide thorough attention to all computational
intelligence paradigms and algorithms, but to give an overview of the most
popular and frequently used models. As such, the book is appropriate for beginners
in the CI field. The book is therefore also applicable as prescribed material for a
third year undergraduate course.
In addition to providing an overview of CI paradigms, the book provides insights
into many new developments on the CI research front (including material to be
published in 2002) - just to tempt the interested reader. As such, the material is
useful to graduate students and researchers who want a broader view of the different
CI paradigms, also researchers from other fields who have no knowledge of
the power of CI techniques, e.g. bioinformaticians, biochemists, mechanical and
chemical engineers, economists, musicians and medical practitioners.
The book is organized in five parts. Part I provides a short introduction to the
different CI paradigms and a historical overview. Parts II to V cover the different
paradigms, and can be presented in any order.
Part II deals with artificial neural networks (NN), including the following topics:
Chapter 2 introduces the artificial neuron as the fundamental part of a neural network,
including discussions on different activation functions, neuron geometry and
learning rules. Chapter 3 covers supervised learning, with an introduction to different
types of supervised networks. These include feedforward NNs, functional link
NNs, product unit NNs and recurrent NNs. Different supervised learning algorithms
are discussed, including gradient descent, scaled conjugate gradient, LeapProg and
particle swarm optimization. Chapter 4 covers unsupervised learning. Different unsupervised
NN models are discussed, including the learning vector quantizer and
self-organizing feature maps. Chapter 5 introduces radial basis function NNs which
are hybrid unsupervised and supervised learners. Reinforcement learning is dealt
with in chapter 6. Much attention is given to performance issues of supervised networks
in chapter 7. Aspects that are included are measures of accuracy, analysis of
performance, data preparation, weight initialization, optimal learning parameters,
network architecture selection, adaptive activation functions and active learning.
Part III introduces several evolutionary computation models. Topics covered include:
an overview of the computational evolution process in chapter 8. Chapter 9
covers genetic algorithms, chapter 10 genetic programming, chapter 11 evolutionary
programming, chapter 12 evolutionary strategies, chapter 13 differential evolution,
chapter 14 cultural evolution, and chapter 15 covers coevolution, introducing both
competitive and symbiotic coevolution.
Part IV presents an introduction to two types of swarm-based models: Chapter 16
discusses particle swarm optimization and covers some of the new developments
in particle swarm optimization research. Ant colony optimization is overviewed in
chapter 17.
Part V deals with fuzzy systems. Chapter 18 presents an introduction to fuzzy
systems with a discussion on membership functions, linguistic variables and hedges.
Fuzzy inferencing systems are explained in chapter 19, while fuzzy controllers are
discussed in chapter 20. An overview of rough sets is given in chapter 21.
The conclusion brings together the different paradigms and shows that hybrid systems
can be developed to attack difficult real-world problems.
Throughout the book, assignments are given to highlight certain aspects of the
covered material and to stimulate thought. Some example applications are given
where they seemed appropriate to better illustrate the theoretical concepts.
Several Internet sites will be helpful as an additional. These include:
? http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/ which is an excellent search engine for Al-related
publications;
? http://www.ics.uci.edu/~mlearn/MLRepository.html, a repository of data
bases maintained by UCI;
? http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~delve/, another repository of benchmark problems.
http://www.lirmm.fr/~reitz/copie/siftware.html, a source of commercial and
free software.
http://www.aic.nrl.navy.mil/~aha/research/machine-leaming.htiiil, a repository
of machine learning resources
http://dsp.jpl.nasa.gov/members/payman/swarm/, with resources on swarm
intelligence.
http://www.cse.dmu.ac.uk/~rij/fuzzy.html and
http://www.austinlinks.com/Fuzzy/ with information on fuzzy logic.
http://www.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/ifi/fk/evolalg/, a repository for evolutionary
computing.
http://www.evalife.dk/bbase, another evolutionary computing and artificial
life repository.
http://news.alife.org/, a source for information and software on Artificial Life.


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Computational Intelligence_An Introduction.Andries P. Engelbrecht. Wiley. 2002.pdf
Computational Intelligence_An Introduction.Andries P. Engelbrecht. Wiley. 2002.pdf
Computational Intelligence_An Introduction.Andries P. Engelbrecht. Wiley. 2002.pdf
Computational Intelligence_An Introduction.Andries P. Engelbrecht. Wiley. 2002.pdf
Computational Intelligence_An Introduction.Andries P. Engelbrecht. Wiley. 2002.pdf
Computational Intelligence_An Introduction.Andries P. Engelbrecht. Wiley. 2002.pdf
Computational Intelligence_An Introduction.Andries P. Engelbrecht. Wiley. 2002.pdf
Computational Intelligence_An Introduction.Andries P. Engelbrecht. Wiley. 2002.pdf
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