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愚公8538木虫 (正式写手)
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【讨论】提供一种判断表面活性剂类型的新方法
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| 大家好！我是一名新入门的新手。我从事科研20余年，有一些发明与同行共同探讨。在2002年在JCIS发表了一篇判断表面活性剂的新方法。体积平衡值是表面活性剂中亲水基团与亲油基团的体积比。这一概念及其方法是由本作者提出的, 是一种既能定性分析又能定量计算的判定乳化剂乳化类型及胶团类型的新方法。以原子的鲍林共价半径和鲍林离子半径计算原子的球体体积之和，表面活性剂的体积平衡（VB）值：VB= V水 / V油,式中： V水：表面活性剂的亲水基体积，V 油：表面活性剂的亲油基体积。当表面活性剂的VB值大于1时，它体现水溶性特征，可形成水溶性胶团；当其VB值小于1时，可形成油溶性胶团。 |
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luner1803
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请参考文章中的有关内容：This presumption is proposed as follows for VB value. (1) No matter how stereo structure and apparent diameter is the sum of atomic volume of hydrophilic and hydrophobic group is certain. (2) The volume is calculated by Pauling radius [9]. (3) The volume of hydrophobic group is the sum of the covalent radius sphere of all C and H atoms in the hydrophobic group. Hydrophilic group volume is classified into two forms, hydrophilic group volume of nonionic surfactant is the sum of volume of the covalent radius sphere of all the atoms in the hydrophilic group. The hydrophilic group volume in ion surfactant includes the volume of the hydrous ion formed by anion or cation with hydrous layer and the volume of the hydrophilic part in the hydrophobic group. (4) The hydrous ion is ionic radius and hydrous layer A (or part hydrous layer B), the average thickness of hydrous layer is oxygen covalent diameter. (5) Slightly water-soluble compounds, such as Ca, Ba sulfate, produce accordance alkyl sulfate or alkyl sulfonate etc which should be slightly water-soluble surfactant too and hydrophilic ion has no hydrous layer. TABLE 1 Covalent and ionic radius atom covalent radius ionic radius valence （Pauling）,102p （Pauling）,102pm C 0.77 C = 0.67 H 0.29 O 0.66 1.40 2 N 0.70 0.11 5 S 1.04 0.29 6 P 1.1 0.34 5 Li 0.60 1 Na 0.95 1 K 1.33 1 Ca 0.99 2 Mg 1.36 0.65 2 Ba 1.35 2 F 0.64 Cl 1.81 -1 Br 1.95 -1 Al 0.5 3 (6) The volumes of hydrophilic group in ionic surfactants of weak base or (and) acid are calculated by the ion that have no hydrous layer. (7) For the polyisobutylene and polyethylene synthesize high molecular surface-active agent and polyethylenated-aklylphenol and so on, their molecular weights are average molecular weights. (8) Surfactant is o/w type when VB value is more than 1 and is w/o type when less than 1. (9) VB value has additive property. The volume balance value of surfactants can be calculated as VB=V水/V油 (1) Where is the volume of hydrophilic group of surfactant, Where is the volume of hydrophobic group of surfactant. The expression of is described below. (2) N: The number of carbon or silicon in hydrophobic group. M: The number of hydrogen or fluorine in hydrophobic group. R1: The covalent radius of carbon or silicon R2: The covalent radius of hydrogen or fluorine For nonionic surfactants, (3) Ni: The number of the atoms in hydrophilic group. Ri: The covalent radius of the atom in hydrophobic group. For ionic surfactants, (4) Rl: The ionic radius in hydrous ion Rw: The thickness of hydrous layer in hydrous ion Ni: The number of the atom of hydrophilic group in the end of hydrophobic group. Ri: The covalent radius of the atom of hydrophobic group in the end of hydrophilic group. For double mixed surfactants (5) 公式写不上，请参考原文吧 |
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