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ÕâÆªÎÄÕÂÊÇMITµÄÒ»¸öÅ£½ÌÊÚдµÄ£¬¹ØÓÚ²ÄÁϵıíÕ÷×öµÃºÜºÃ¡£Ï£ÍûÄÜÓгæ×ÓÈÏʶ±ÈÑÇµÏÆû³µ¹«Ë¾µÄÈË£¬ÍƼö¸øËûÃÇ¿´¿´¡£×£Ô¸±ÈÑÇµÏÆû³µÄÜÔçÈÕÑз¢/Ä£·Â³ö¸üºÃ£¬³äµçËٶȸü¿ìµÄÁ×Ëáï®ÌúÆû³µµç³Ø£¬ÔçÈÕÕ÷·þ±±ÃÀÊг¡¡££¨ÉÏÆû£¬Ò»ÆûÕâÖÖ¹úÆóÊǰ¢¶·£¬ÓÀÔ¶Ö¸Íû²»Éϵģ© Nature 458, 190-193 (12 March 2009) | doi:10.1038/nature07853; Received 18 June 2007; Accepted 2 February 2009 Battery materials for ultrafast charging and discharging Byoungwoo Kang1 & Gerbrand Ceder1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA Correspondence to: Gerbrand Ceder1 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to G.C. (Email: gceder@mit.edu). storage of electrical energy at high charge and discharge rate is an important technology in today's society, and can enable hybrid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and provide back-up for wind and solar energy. It is typically believed that in electrochemical systems very high power rates can only be achieved with supercapacitors, which trade high power for low energy density as they only store energy by surface adsorption reactions of charged species on an electrode material1, 2, 3. Here we show that batteries4, 5 which obtain high energy density by storing charge in the bulk of a material can also achieve ultrahigh discharge rates, comparable to those of supercapacitors. We realize this in LiFePO4 (ref. 6), a material with high lithium bulk mobility7, 8, by creating a fast ion-conducting surface phase through controlled off-stoichiometry. A rate capability equivalent to full battery discharge in 10¨C20 s can be achieved. http://www.namipan.com/d/nature0 ... 905f5996bf714c60c00 http://www.namipan.com/d/nature0 ... ff4857a1aee28b20900 ̽¾¿±ÈÑÇµÏµç³Ø×¨ÀûÖ®ÃÕ ×÷ÕߣºÖйúµç³ØÍø À´Ô´£ºÖйúµç³ØÍø µã»÷Êý£º716 ¸üÐÂʱ¼ä£º2008-5-20 ¡ï¡ï¡ï µç¶¯Æû³µµÄºËÐ͝Á¦¡ª¡ªÌúµç³ØÒ»Ö±³ÉÎªÖÆÔ¼ÊÀ½çÆû³µ¹¤Òµ³§ÉÌÑз¢µç¶¯Æû³µµÄÆ¿¾±¡£Ä¿Ç°¹ú¼Ê¹«ÈϵÄÊDzÉÓøßÌúºÍÁ×Ëáï®Ìúµç³Ø¡£¸ßÌú»ù±¾±»ÊÓΪ½ûÇø£¬Á×Ëáï®ÌúÊǹúÄÚÍâ³§ÉÌÑз¢µÄÖØµã¡£ È¥Äê±ÈÑǵÏÔڵھŽì¸ß½»»áǰϦÐû²¼¡°È«ÇòµÚÒ»¿î¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚÆû³µ³äµçµÄÌúµç³ØÒѾÔÚÉîÛÚµ®Éú¡±£¬Ëæºó¸÷ÖÖ¹ÚÒÔ¡°È«ÇòµÚÒ»¡±¡¢¡°ÁìÏÈÈÕ±¾20ÄꡱµÄ±ÈÑǵϡ°Ìú¶¯Á¦¡±µÄ±¨µÀƵ¼û±¨¶Ë£¬µ«ÊDZÈÑǵÏÃæ¶Ô¡°Ìú¶¯Á¦¡±µÄÖÊÒÉÒ»Ö±¶ã¶ãÉÁÉÁ¡£±ÈÑǵϵġ°Ìú¶¯Á¦¡±ÒÉËÆ¸ßÌúµç³Ø£¬¾¹ý¶à·½²éÖ¤£¬Êµ¼Ê¿ÉÄÜÊÇÁ×Ëáï®Ìúµç³Ø¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÎÒÃÇÈ´ÎÞ·¨ÔÚ»ñµÃ±ÈÑǵÏÌúµç³ØµÄרÀûÐÅÏ¢¡£ ÃÔÒ»°ãµÄ±ÈÑǵÏÌúµç³Ø×¨Àû 1997Ä꣬Á×Ëáï®Ìú²ÄÁÏ¿ªÊ¼ÒýÆð¹úÄÚ¹Ø×¢¡£1998Ä꣬¹ú¼Ò863¼Æ»®Í¶×Ê20ÒÚÔÚÉÇÍ·Ñо¿Á×Ëáï®Ìú¡£ÖйúÆóÒµ´Ó2001Äê¿ªÊ¼Â½ÐøÆô¶¯Á×Ëáï®Ìú²ÄÁÏ¿ª·¢£¬Àú¾6Äêʱ¼ä£¬±±´óÏÈÐÐÖÕÔÚ2007ÄêÍ»ÆÆÁËÁ×Ëáï®Ìú´ÓʵÑéÊÒ¼¼Êõµ½ÖÐÊÔÉú²ú¼¼ÊõµÄһϵÁм¼Êõ¼°¹¤³ÌÎÊÌ⣬²¢ÔÚÍêÉÆÏà¹Ø¹¤ÒÕ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Ê¹µÃÁ×ËáÌúï®µç³ØµÄ°²È«ÐԵõ½Á˽ϴó³Ì¶ÈµÄÌá¸ßÓë±£Ö¤£¬µì¶¨ÁËÁ×ËáÌú﮲úƷϵÁл¯ºÍ¹æÄ£²úÒµ»¯µÄ»ù´¡¡£¸ÃʼþÈëÑ¡ÁËÓÉ¡¶Ð²ÄÁϲúÒµ¡·ÔÓÖ¾×éÖ¯ÆÀÑ¡µÄ2007вÄÁÏÁìÓò×î¾ßÓ°ÏìÁ¦µÄÊ®´óʼþ¡£ ËäÈ»±ÈÑǵÏÒ²ÊÇÑо¿Á×Ëáï®ÌúµÄ¹úÄÚÆóÒµÖ®Ò»£¬µ«ÊÇÎÒÃDzéÔÄÓйØÁ×Ëáï®ÌúרÀû·½ÃæµÄÐÅÏ¢£¬Ã»Óз¢ÏÖ±ÈÑǵÏÔÚÆäÖС£ 1¡¢¹ØÓÚÁ×Ëáï®Ìúµç£¬ÃÀ¹úÒѾÊÚȨµÄ£¬Ã»ÓÐÕÒµ½±ÈÑǵϣº http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/n ... ePO4&d=PTXT ÒѾ¹«¿ªÉêÇëµÄ£¬´ó¶àÊÇA123¡¢Valance¡¢H-Q£¬Ò²Ã»ÓÐÕÒµ½±ÈÑǵϣº http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/ ... ePO4&d=PG01 2¡¢±ÈÑǵÏÔÚÃÀ¹úµÄרÀûÉêÇ룬ÒÑ»ñµÃÊÚȨµÄÓÐÁ½¸ö£¬¹«¿ªÉêÇëµÄÓÐ34¸ö£º http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/ ... /byd&d=PG01 ÆäÖÐÓÐÒ»¸ö¹ØÓڵ綯³µ³äµçÆ÷µÄÉêÇ룬¾ÍÊÇûÓÐÕÒµ½Á×Ëáï®ÌúµÄ¡£ ±ÈÑǵ϶ÔÍâÐû³Æ¡°±ÈÑǵÏ˫ģµç¶¯Æû³µÒѾÉ걨ÁË700¶àÏî¹úÄÚÍâרÀû¡±£¬ÔÚÆû³µÍâ¹ÛºÍǰ³µµÆµÈ²¿·Ö´óÁ¿ÀûÓ÷ÇרÀû¼¼ÊõºÍרÀû¹ýÆÚµÄ³ÉÊì¼¼Êõ£¬µ«´ÓδÌá¼°Æä¡°È«ÇòµÚÒ»¡±µÄ¡°Ìú¶¯Á¦¡±µÄרÀûÎÊÌâ¡£±ÈÑǵÏÊÇÓгϮÀûÓÃËûÈËרÀûµÄÀúÊ·µÄ£¬ÎÒÃDz»ÓɵÃÖÊÒÉ£¬±ÈÑǵϿÉÄܸù±¾¾ÍûÓÐÌúµç³ØµÄרÀû¡£»òÐíÖ»ÊǺÍÒÔÍùÒ»Ñù£¬¡°½è¼ø×¨Àû±£»¤ÒѾ¹ýÆÚµÄ³ÉÊì²úÆ·¡±£¬»ð³µÐ޸ıðÈËרÀûÒÔ±ÜÃâÇÖȨËßËÏ¡£»òÐí£¬Õ⻹µÃÆÚ´ý¹ã´óÍøÓÑ·¢¶¯¡°ÈËÈâËÑË÷¡±À´·¢¾ò±ÈÑǵÏÌúµç³ØµÄרÀûÐÅÏ¢¡£ ±ÈÑǵϵÄÌúµç³ØÓëÁ×Ëáï®Ìúµç³Ø ÔçÔÚ¼¸Äêǰ£¬±ÈÑǵÏ×éÖ¯500È˵ÄÑз¢ÍŶӿªÊ¼Ìúµç³ØÑз¢µÄ¹¥¹Ø£¬×îºó¡°³É¹¦¡±Ñз¢³öµç¶¯Æû³µ×¨ÓõÄÌúµç³Ø£¬È¡ÃûΪ¡°ET-power¡±¡£±ÈÑǵϳƣ¬ET-powerµÄÌØµãÊDZãÒË¡¢»·±£¡¢¸ßÈÝÁ¿¡¢ÊÙÃü³¤¡¢¸ß°²È«ÐÔ¡£¸ù¾Ý±ÈÑǵϵÄÃèÊö£¬ET-powerËÆºõΪ¸ßÌúµç³Ø£¬µ«ÊÇËü´ÓûÓгÐÈÏ×Ô¼ºÊǸßÌúµç³Ø¡£¶øÇÒ¸ßÌúµç³ØÄ¿Ç°»¹²»ÄÜ´ó¹æÄ£Éú²úͶÈëʵÓ㬵«±ÈÑǵÏÒѾÉù³ÆÍ¶ÈëʵÓᣠµ«¾Ý¡¶ÖйúÉ̱¨¡·ºóÀ´µÄ±¨µÀÖгƣ¬¡°±ÈÑǵϹ«¹Ø²¿Ò²³ÐÈÏ¡®Ìúµç³Ø¡¯µÄѧÃû¾ÍÊÇÁ×Ëáï®Ìúµç³Ø¡±¡£ÔÙ²éÔÄÐÅÏ¢£¬·¢ÏÖÔçÓÐͬ¼Ã´óѧÆû³µÑ§Ôº¸±Ôº³¤ÀîÀí¹â¾Í͸¶¹ý£¬¡°±ÈÑǵϵġ®Ìúµç³Ø¡¯¾ÍÊÇÁ×ËáÌúï®µç³Ø£¬¿ÉÄÜÊdzöÓÚÐû´«ÉϵÄÐèÒª£¬¼ò³ÆÎª¡®Ìúµç³Ø¡¯£¬¶øÊµ¼ÊÉÏ»¹ÊÇÒ»ÖÖï®µç³Ø¡£¡± Á×Ëáï®Ìúµç³Ø¾ßÓа²È«¡¢Îȶ¨ÐԸߡ¢±ÈÈÝÁ¿¸ß¡¢»·±£¡¢¼Û¸ñ±ãÒ˵ÈÓŵ㣬µ«ÊÇÒ²Óе¼µçÐԲÕñÃܶȵ͵Èȱµã¡£Á×ËáÌúï®Ö®ËùÒÔÕâôÍí»¹Ã»Óдó·¶Î§µÄÓ¦Ó㬵¼µçÐÔ²îÊÇÒ»¸öÖ÷ÒªµÄÎÊÌâ¡£Õâ¸öÎÊÌâĿǰÒѾ¿ÉÒԵõ½½â¾ö£º¾ÍÊÇÌí¼ÓC»òÆäËüµ¼µç¼Á¡£Ä¿Ç°£¬Á×Ëáï®Ìúµç³ØµÄÑо¿¿ª·¢»¹²»¹»ÉîÈ룬²úÒµ»¯µÄÇé¿ö»¹²»ÀÖ¹Û¡£ ÈÈÄֵĹú¼ÊÁ×Ëáï®ÌúרÀû¹Ù˾ÕýÔÚ½øÐÐ ¾ÍËã±ÈÑǵÏÌúµç³Ø±¾Ïà¾ÍÊÇ¡°ï®Ìúµç³Ø¡±£¬±ÈÑǵÏÉù³Æ×Ô¼ºµÄÌúµç³Ø¡°È«ÇòµÚÒ»¡±£¬¡°¸ïÃüÐÔµÄÍ»ÆÆ¡±£¬µ«ÊÇÃÀ¹úºÍ¼ÓÄôóµÄÕþ¸®ºÍÒµÕߣ¬ÎªÁËÈ¡µÃ¿ÉÄܸıäµç³Ø¡¢Æû³µºÍËùÓж¯Á¦Ïà¹Ø²úÒµÉú̬µÄÁ×Ëáï®ÌúÕý¼«²ÄÁϵÄרÀûÖ÷µ¼È¨£¬ÔçÒÑÔÚ¹ú¼Ê¼äΪ´Ë´ó´ò¿ç¹úרÀûÕ½¡£ רÀû´óÕ½µÄµ¼»ðË÷ÊÇÈ«Çò×î´óµç¶¯ÊÖ¹¤¾ß´ó³§Black & DeckerÍÆ³öµÄÒ»¿îµçѹΪ36VµÄÎÞµçÏßÐÂÐ͵綯ÊÖ¹¤¾ß¡£Õâ¿î¹¤¾ßµÄÌØµãÊDzÉÓÃÁË¿É1Сʱ¸ßËÙ³äµç¡¢Ç¿´ó¹¦ÂÊÌáÉýЧÂÊ¡¢¸ß°²È«ÐÔÓë2000´ÎÒÔÉϵÄÑ»·ÊÙÃüµÄÁ×Ëáï®Ìúµç³Ø¡£Õâ¿î²úÆ·µÄÈÈÂô£¬ÒýÆðÐí¶àÏà¹ØÒµÕßµÄÑо¿£¬°üÀ¨Á×Ëáï®Ìúµç³ØµÄרÀûÓµÓÐÕßÃÀ¹úµÂÖÝ´óѧ¡£µÂÖÝ´óÑ§ËæºóÔÚµÂÖÝ´ïÀ˾·¨ÔºÏòB&DÓë´Ë¿î²úÆ·µÄµç³Ø¹©Ó¦ÉÌA123 SystemsÌá³öרÀûËßËÏ£¬¿Ø¸æÆäÔÚδ»ñµÃµç³Ø¼¼ÊõÊÚȨµÄÇé¿öÏÂÖÆÔìÓëÏúÊÛÇÖȨÉÌÆ·¡£ ÓÉÓÚµÂÖÝ´óѧµÄËùÓµÓеÄרÀûÊÚȨ¸øÁ˼ÓÄôó¹ú¼Ò¹«¹²ÊÂÒµ¿ý±±¿ËË®Á¦¹«Ë¾£¬µ¼ÖÂÕû¸ö¹Ù˾ԽÀ´Ô½¸´ÔÓ£¬Ç£³¶µ½ÁËÃÀ¹ú¡¢¼ÓÄô󡢵¹úÉõÖÁÈÕ±¾¡£Á×Ëáï®Ìúµç³Ø×¨ÀûÎÞÒâ¼ä³ÉÁ˹úÓë¹úÖ®¼äµÄ´óÕ½¡£Ä¿Ç°Õⳡ¹ú¼Ê¹Ù˾²»½ö¿õÈճ־㬶øÇÒËßËϽð¶î¾Þ´ó£¬ÓмÓÄôóÕþ¸®³ÅÑüµÄ¼ÓÄôó¹ú¼Ò¹«¹²ÊÂÒµ¿ý±±¿ËË®Á¦¹«Ë¾Ä¿Ç°ÒÑÏò·¨ÔºÌá³öÏ£ÍûÇÖȨ¹«Ë¾¸øÓèÆäµÄËðº¦Åâ³¥·ÑÓã¬Ã¿¼Ò¸ß´ï3.5ÒÚ~5ÒÚÃÀÔª£¬Õë¶ÔNTTÔòÌØ±ðÒªÇóÖØ³Í£¬½ð¶î¸ß´ï10ÒÚÃÀÔª£¡ ÔÚ֪ʶ²úȨԽÀ´Ô½³ÉΪµ¼»ðË÷µÄ½ñÌ죬²»ÖªµÀ±ÈÑǵÏÇå²»Çå³þËùν¡°Ìúµç³Ø¡±µÄרÀû»á´ø¸ø×Ô¼ºÊ²Ã´£¿±Ï¾¹£¬Æû³µÍâÐΡ°¿ÉÒÔÎå¸öÃæÖгËĸö£¬Ê£ÏÂÒ»¸öÉÔ΢¸Ä¸Ä¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¡±£¨Íõ´«¸£¶Ô¼ÇÕß˵£©£¬µ«ÊDZÈÑǵÏÊÓ֮Ϊ¾ÈÃüµ¾²ÝµÄ¡°Ìúµç³Ø¡±×¨ÀûÈç¹ûÒ²ÊÇÇÖȨµÄ»°£¬ÄÇô±ÈÑǵÏÎÞÒÉÊÇÌÉÔÚ»ðɽ¿ÚÉÏ˯¾õ£¡ [ Last edited by nxl5096224 on 2009-12-25 at 09:23 ] |
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