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[资源] 2009年wiley新书非编码RNA章节（总结的很全）

RNA: Noncoding
Allison A. Henry and J¨ org Vogel,
Max Planck Institute for Infection
Biology, Berlin, Germany
doi: 10.1002/9780470048672.wecb522

After decades of being either underestimated as a simple messenger in the
expression of proteins from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), or revered as the
molecule from which all life potentially originated, ribonucleic acid (RNA) is
at last enjoying a well-deserved golden age as modern techniques allow
researchers to uncover the myriad of subtle roles that this molecule plays in
the cells of today. Noncoding RNAs, by deﬁnition, do not become
translated into protein. This broad category includes cellular RNAs that
range in size from 20 to 20,000 nucleotides, can contain chemical
modiﬁcations, adopt a wide variety of secondary and tertiary structures,
associate with proteins and other RNA molecules, and have physiological
roles, in all organisms, that run the gamut from catalysis to regulating gene
expression. As this article is intended to complement the other RNA-related
sections of this volume, a brief introduction to all types of noncoding RNA
will be followed by a comprehensive discussion of three important
categories: riboswitches, small RNAs in bacteria, and large RNAs in
mammals. Riboswitches are cis-acting RNA elements that modulate gene
expression in a highly specialized manner by means of an aptamer domain,
an RNA sequence that tightly and selectively binds a given metabolite.
Small RNAs are 70–200 nucleotide molecules in bacteria that regulate gene
expression, primarily at a posttranscriptional level. In mammalian cells,
large RNAs of up to 19,000 nucleotides are essential to X-chromosome
inactivation and genomic imprinting.

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