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美科学家发现艾滋病病毒天然抗体
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科学家研发艾滋病疫苗的种种努力均以失败告终，现在，他们决定另辟蹊径———在一些“长寿”的艾滋病患者身上寻找提供天然免疫力的抗体。这些患者同艾滋病病毒（HIV）一起共存了20多年，其间没有出现任何发病迹象。科学家认为，是天然免疫力让这些病人躲过了HIV的攻击。有关研究发表在最新一期的《自然》杂志上。 美国纽约洛克菲勒大学的迈克尔•纳森兹维革教授和同事对6名“长寿”的艾滋病患者进行了研究。这些患者没有服用抗病毒药物，也没有显现任何艾滋病迹象，比如，饱受艾滋病病毒攻击的某些白血球数量的下降。科学家认为，这些人天生就携带有抵抗HIV的免疫系统，所以能做到“百毒不侵”。 科学家研究了这些病人血液内发现的抵抗HIV的抗体，结果显示，利用这些“长寿”的艾滋病患者体内产生的几个抗体制造的一种疫苗能够阻止HIV感染人体细胞。 纳森兹维革说，这些“长寿”者的免疫系统能产生一套抗体，这些抗体能“同仇敌忾”地“抵消”艾滋病病毒，阻止它感染免疫系统的血细胞，使免疫系统能够不断自我复制。 纳森兹维革说：“病人体内有不同的抗体，每个抗体对HIV都有有限的抵消能力，但如果它们结合在一起，就有可能威力无穷。所以，我们应该复制天然的抗体。” 科学家将上述疫苗用于实验室试管中培育出来的人体细胞，取得了成功。科学家已经鉴定出了这些“长寿者”产生的500个抗体，并且使用基因技术在实验室进行了大规模的生产。科学家希望能在实验室动物和志愿者身上进行进一步的测试。 科学家都认为，疫苗是控制肆虐全球并每年杀死200万人的艾滋病的唯一有效的方式。过去几十年中，寻找艾滋病疫苗的研究遭遇了一系列挫折。2007年，美国制药巨头默克公司的研究被认为最有可能研制出疫苗，有几千个志愿者参与试验，但后来也因为担心试验的疫苗可能实际上使参与者更容易受到感染而宣告失败。 许多人都会在感染艾滋病毒的几年内死去，有些人能应付更长时间，也不必求助于药物，但很少有人（或许5000人中只有一个人）携带着艾滋病毒的天然免疫系统。 纳森兹维革说，新方法用自然的方式抵挡艾滋病病毒，人体自身产生抗体，而不是使用传统艾滋病疫苗使用的合成的“魔弹”抗体来刺激免疫力，科学家已经证明，“魔弹”抗体并不成功。 [ Last edited by zhangwj on 2009-3-26 at 11:56 ] |
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winter_gates
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2楼2009-03-26 13:24:50
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附給你最新一期的目錄：Volume 458 Number 7237 pp385-542 Editorials Embryonic education p385 Now that the US federal funding ban on human embryonic stem cells is lifted, scientists must engage the public's concerns about embryo research. doi:10.1038/458385a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A cut too far p385 UK researchers are rightly outraged at one funding council's decision to exclude certain applicants. doi:10.1038/458385b -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Property rights p385 The granting of patents on human genes has so far not been the disaster it was predicted to be. doi:10.1038/458386a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Top of pageResearch Highlights Deeper still and deeper p388 doi:10.1038/458388a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Marine biology: Snotty sampling p388 doi:10.1038/458388b -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Molecular diagnostics: Like a record, baby p388 doi:10.1038/458388c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Geosciences: Reefless madness p388 doi:10.1038/458388d -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Neuroscience: Spinal zap p388 doi:10.1038/458388e -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Condensed matter: Trolling for poles p388 doi:10.1038/458388f -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Biology: Electric cows p389 doi:10.1038/458389a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Immunology: Self help p389 doi:10.1038/458389b -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Entomology: Sick bugs take drugs p389 doi:10.1038/458389c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Biomimetics: Steel strong, air light p389 doi:10.1038/458389d -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Top of pageJournal Club Journal club p389 Paul J. Dyson doi:10.1038/458389e -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Top of page News Graphene gets ready for the big time p390 Physicists are talking about how to make practical use of a former laboratory curiosity. Geoff Brumfiel doi:10.1038/458390a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UK funding ban sparks protests p391 EPSRC slammed for excluding some grant applicants. Richard Van Noorden doi:10.1038/458391a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Scuttled ship endangers marine science p392 Weak pound forces UK to postpone building of research ship. Declan Butler doi:10.1038/458392a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Canadian science minister under fire p393 Comments on evolution spark fierce criticism. Hannah Hoag doi:10.1038/458393a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- More pain studies needed p394 Scientists struggle to fund work on animal pain and distress. Emma Marris doi:10.1038/458394a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bills target biosimilar drugs p394 House of Representatives divided over regulating generics. Meredith Wadman doi:10.1038/458394b -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOAA chief ready to tackle climate p396 Jane Lubchenco takes the helm at oceanic and atmospheric agency. Rex Dalton doi:10.1038/458396a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Funder moves to quell Turkish censorship row p397 doi:10.1038/458397a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Marine sequencing project embarks on another cruise p397 doi:10.1038/458397b -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- US medical institute to set up African research centre p397 doi:10.1038/458397c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- US panel to guide treatment comparison p397 doi:10.1038/458397d -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Science head of energy department is named p397 doi:10.1038/458397e -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Flames burn higher in Pacific 'ring of fire' p397 doi:10.1038/458397f -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Top of pageNews Features Aquaculture: Future fish p398 The only way to meet the increasing demand for fish is through aquaculture. Daniel Cressey explores the challenges for fish farmers and what it means for dinner plates in 2030. doi:10.1038/458398a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Astronomy: The rock that fell to Earth p401 When an asteroid was spotted heading towards our planet last October, researchers rushed to document a cosmic impact from start to finish for the first time. Roberta Kwok tells the tale. doi:10.1038/458401a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Top of page Correspondence We need to tackle the mismatch between supply and demand p404 Yusuf A. Hannun doi:10.1038/458404a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Review: important to prevent a return to abuses of the past p404 Herbert J. Bernstein doi:10.1038/458404b -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Review: necessary for protection even in minimal-risk research p404 David B. Resnik doi:10.1038/458404c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Top of pageCommentaries The dangers of diagnostic monopolies p405 In the first of two commentaries on intellectual property, Robert Cook-Deegan, Subhashini Chandrasekharan and Misha Angrist show how the United States can address glitches with exclusive licences. doi:10.1038/458405a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The phantom menace of gene patents p407 In this, the second of two Commentaries, Sibylle Gaisser, Michael M. Hopkins and colleagues discuss a survey demonstrating that European health-care systems are ill prepared for the commercial reality of gene patents. doi:10.1038/458407a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Top of pageBooks and Arts New technologies, same old politics p409 Election campaigns are increasingly being staged online, but digital innovation has brought few new voices into the political debate, explains former parliamentarian Richard Allan. Richard Allan doi:10.1038/458409a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Science for the greater economic good p410 Michael Kelly reviews Tapping the Riches of Science: Universities and the Promise of Economic Growth by Roger L. Geiger & Creso M. Sá doi:10.1038/458410a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bringing clarity to complexity p411 Mark Buchanan reviews Complexity: A Guided Tour by Melanie Mitchell doi:10.1038/458411a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Scientific symbolism p412 In his dynamic 1891 ceiling decoration for Paris's city hall, Paul-Albert Besnard depicts the unveiling of truth by the sciences and makes a statement as strong as that of the Impressionists, explains Martin Kemp. Martin Kemp doi:10.1038/458412a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Top of pageNews and Views Palaeontology: Beyond the Age of Fishes p413 Discovery of an unusually intact and ancient fossil fish provides further evidence that the search for modern vertebrate origins requires breaking out of the Devonian and into the preceding period. Michael I. Coates doi:10.1038/458413a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Astrophysics: Quiet is the new loud p414 Understanding the mechanisms by which matter flows into black-hole systems is pivotal to elucidating how such systems work. It seems that a 'quiet' mass outflow can play a hitherto-unknown part in the process. Daniel Proga doi:10.1038/458414a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Motor-neuron disease: Rogue gene in the family p415 Various gene mutations contribute to the motor-neuron disease known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Further mutations that have been identified could help to clarify the neurodegenerative mechanism in this disorder. Kristel Sleegers & Christine Van Broeckhoven doi:10.1038/458415a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 & 100 years ago p416 doi:10.1038/458416a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Geochemistry: A glacial hangover p417 The marine geochemical budget of some solutes does not add up. A test case shows that at least part of the reason may lie in the timescale over which continental weathering recovers from glaciations. Louis A. Derry doi:10.1038/458417a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Structural biology: Spliceosome subunit revealed p418 The spliceosome enzyme binds to RNA transcripts at splice sites and removes intron sequences. The crystal structure of a spliceosome subunit shows how the enzyme recognizes one end of the intron. Charles C. Query doi:10.1038/458418a |
3楼2009-03-26 13:29:34
winter_gates
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Insight: The ubiquitin system - Produced with support from: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Insight: The ubiquitin system The ubiquitin system p421 Deepa Nath & Sadaf Shadan doi:10.1038/458421a Full Text | PDF (985K) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Origin and function of ubiquitin-like proteins p422 Mark Hochstrasser doi:10.1038/nature07958 Abstract | Full Text | PDF (2,361K) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ubiquitylation in innate and adaptive immunity p430 Vijay G. Bhoj & Zhijian J. Chen doi:10.1038/nature07959 Abstract | Full Text | PDF (6,071K) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Targeting the ubiquitin system in cancer therapy p438 Daniela Hoeller & Ivan Dikic doi:10.1038/nature07960 Abstract | Full Text | PDF (3,492K) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins p445 Camilla Raiborg & Harald Stenmark doi:10.1038/nature07961 Abstract | Full Text | PDF (5,529K) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The ubiquitylation machinery of the endoplasmic reticulum p453 Christian Hirsch, Robert Gauss, Sabine C. Horn, Oliver Neuber & Thomas Sommer doi:10.1038/nature07962 Abstract | Full Text | PDF (3,061K) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Principles of ubiquitin and SUMO modifications in DNA repair p461 Steven Bergink & Stefan Jentsch doi:10.1038/nature07963 Abstract | Full Text | PDF (5,232K) |
4楼2009-03-26 13:29:54
winter_gates
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liubin(金币+3,VIP+0):很欣赏你的做法！ 3-26 16:31
liubin(金币+0,VIP+0):bb 已经给了。呵呵 3-26 16:32
liubin(金币+3,VIP+0):很欣赏你的做法！ 3-26 16:31
liubin(金币+0,VIP+0):bb 已经给了。呵呵 3-26 16:32
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Articles The oldest articulated osteichthyan reveals mosaic gnathostome characters p469 Min Zhu, Wenjin Zhao, Liantao Jia, Jing Lu, Tuo Qiao & Qingming Qu doi:10.1038/nature07855 Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1,785K) | Supplementary information See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Coates -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crystal structure of human spliceosomal U1 snRNP at 5.5 Å resolution p475 Daniel A. Pomeranz Krummel, Chris Oubridge, Adelaine K. W. Leung, Jade Li & Kiyoshi Nagai doi:10.1038/nature07851 PDB code3CW1 3D view3CW1 Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1,689K) | Supplementary information See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Query -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Top of pageLetters Accretion disk winds as the jet suppression mechanism in the microquasar GRS 1915+105 p481 Joseph Neilsen & Julia C. Lee doi:10.1038/nature07680 First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (355K) | Supplementary information See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Proga -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The impact and recovery of asteroid 2008 TC3 p485 P. Jenniskens, M. H. Shaddad, D. Numan, S. Elsir, A. M. Kudoda, M. E. Zolensky, L. Le, G. A. Robinson, J. M. Friedrich, D. Rumble, A. Steele, S. R. Chesley, A. Fitzsimmons, S. Duddy, H. H. Hsieh, G. Ramsay, P. G. Brown, W. N. Edwards, E. Tagliaferri, M. B. Boslough, R. E. Spalding, R. Dantowitz, M. Kozubal, P. Pravec, J. Borovicka, Z. Charvat, J. Vaubaillon, J. Kuiper, J. Albers, J. L. Bishop, R. L. Mancinelli, S. A. Sandford, S. N. Milam, M. Nuevo & S. P. Worden doi:10.1038/nature07920 First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (848K) | Supplementary information See also: Editor's summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Electromotive force and huge magnetoresistance in magnetic tunnel junctions p489 Pham Nam Hai, Shinobu Ohya, Masaaki Tanaka, Stewart E. Barnes & Sadamichi Maekawa doi:10.1038/nature07879 First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,544K) | Supplementary information See also: Editor's summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Variable Quaternary chemical weathering fluxes and imbalances in marine geochemical budgets p493 Derek Vance, Damon A. H. Teagle & Gavin L. Foster doi:10.1038/nature07828 First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (223K) | Supplementary information See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Derry -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Volcanic mesocyclones p497 Pinaki Chakraborty, Gustavo Gioia & Susan W. Kieffer doi:10.1038/nature07866 First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (737K) | Supplementary information See also: Editor's summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Specific synapses develop preferentially among sister excitatory neurons in the neocortex p501 Yong-Chun Yu, Ronald S. Bultje, Xiaoqun Wang & Song-Hai Shi doi:10.1038/nature07722 First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,119K) | Supplementary information See also: Editor's summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Genetic architecture of mouse skin inflammation and tumour susceptibility p505 David A. Quigley, Minh D. To, Jesús Pérez-Losada, Facundo G. Pelorosso, Jian-Hua Mao, Hiroki Nagase, David G. Ginzinger & Allan Balmain doi:10.1038/nature07683 First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (806K) | Supplementary information See also: Editor's summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AIM2 activates the inflammasome and cell death in response to cytoplasmic DNA p509 Teresa Fernandes-Alnemri, Je-Wook Yu, Pinaki Datta, Jianghong Wu & Emad S. Alnemri doi:10.1038/nature07710 First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (918K) | Supplementary information See also: Editor's summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AIM2 recognizes cytosolic dsDNA and forms a caspase-1-activating inflammasome with ASC p514 Veit Hornung, Andrea Ablasser, Marie Charrel-Dennis, Franz Bauernfeind, Gabor Horvath, Daniel. R. Caffrey, Eicke Latz & Katherine A. Fitzgerald doi:10.1038/nature07725 First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (868K) | Supplementary information See also: Editor's summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dynamic expression of epidermal caspase 8 simulates a wound healing response p519 Pedro Lee, Dai-Jen Lee, Carol Chan, Shih-Wei Chen, Irene Ch'en & Colin Jamora doi:10.1038/nature07687 First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,453K) | Supplementary information See also: Editor's summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sphingosine-1-phosphate mobilizes osteoclast precursors and regulates bone homeostasis p524 Masaru Ishii, Jackson G. Egen, Frederick Klauschen, Martin Meier-Schellersheim, Yukihiko Saeki, Jean Vacher, Richard L. Proia & Ronald N. Germain doi:10.1038/nature07713 First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (725K) | Supplementary information See also: Editor's summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chromatin remodelling factor Mll1 is essential for neurogenesis from postnatal neural stem cells p529 Daniel A. Lim, Yin-Cheng Huang, Tomek Swigut, Anika L. Mirick, Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo, Joanna Wysocka, Patricia Ernst & Arturo Alvarez-Buylla doi:10.1038/nature07726 First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (724K) | Supplementary information See also: Editor's summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nicotine binding to brain receptors requires a strong cation– interaction p534 Xinan Xiu, Nyssa L. Puskar, Jai A. P. Shanata, Henry A. Lester & Dennis A. Dougherty doi:10.1038/nature07768 First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (648K) | Supplementary information See also: Editor's summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Top of pageCorrigenda MicroRNAs to Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2 coding regions modulate embryonic stem cell differentiation p538 Yvonne Tay, Jinqiu Zhang, Andrew M. Thomson, Bing Lim & Isidore Rigoutsos doi:10.1038/nature07880 Full Text | PDF (92K) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ABIN-1 is a ubiquitin sensor that restricts cell death and sustains embryonic development p538 Shigeru Oshima, Emre E. Turer, Joseph A. Callahan, Sophia Chai, Rommel Advincula, Julio Barrera, Nataliya Shifrin, Bettina Lee, T. S. Benedict Yen, Tammy Woo, Barbara A. Malynn & Averil Ma doi:10.1038/nature07941 Full Text | PDF (32K) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Top of pageNaturejobs Prospects Prospects p539 Naturejobs gets a facelift in print. Gene Russo doi:10.1038/nj7237-539a Full Text | PDF (424K) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Career View Thomas Lynch, director, Yale Cancer Center, and physician-in-chief, Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut p540 Yale Cancer Center's new director aims to compete with the best. Virginia Gewin doi:10.1038/nj7237-540a Full Text | PDF (355K) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A mixed bag for UK universities p540 RAE funds insufficient according to some top English universities. Karen Kaplan doi:10.1038/nj7237-540b Full Text | PDF (355K) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- How low can I go? p540 I'm in serious postdoc limbo. Hopefully I won't fall flat on my face. Julia Boughner doi:10.1038/nj7237-540c Full Text | PDF (355K) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Top of pageFutures String-driven thing p542 A knotty problem. Vaughan Stanger doi:10.1038/458542a Full Text | PDF (688K) |
5楼2009-03-26 13:30:08
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