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Introduce the Research Area 1.1. Identify the research area 1.2. Establish the importance of the research area 1.3. Provide essential background information about the research area 2. Identify a Gap (or Gaps) 3. Fill the Gap 3.1. Introduce the current work 3.2. Preview key findings of the current work (optional) The first move, with three submoves, has the broad purpose of describing the general resarch area. Submove 1.1 identifies the research topic, and submove 1.2 stresses its importance. Together, these two submoves are frequently accomplished in the first few sentences of the paper. Note that only the general topic is mentioned at this point, not the specific work that is presented in the paper. Submove 1.3 is where authors summarize essential works in the field and situate the current work in its appropriate context. This submove does not provide an exhaustive review of the literature but rather includes "sound bites" that alert readers to works that critically influenced the current work or led to fundamental knowledge in the field. The entire move is usually accomplished in a few paragraphs, with most attention devoted to submove 1.3. All three submoves are strengthened by citations to the literature. Works by other authors are cited as well as previous, relevant works by the current authors. The second move in the Introduction section (Identify a Gap) shifts the reader's attention from what has been done (or learned or understood) to what still needs to be done (or learned or understood). The essence of this move is capyured in the sentence, "Although much is known about X, little is known about Y." Of course, to correctly identify a gap, the authors must have throughly reviewed the literature; hence, cotations to the literature are common in this move, too. After a gap has been identified, the third and final move of the Introduction section is to fill the gap. This move typically comprises a short paragraph at the end of the Introduction and begins with a phrase like "In this paper, we..." At last, the authors can refer to the current work, and many use the personal pronoun we to accomplish this task. The authors give a short description of the current work (typically a few sentences), highlighting how the work fills the identified gas (submove 3.1). The Introduction can end here, or the authors can elect to preview their principal findings (submove 3.2). If the authors do the latter, care must be taken not to repeat sentences verbatim that appear elsewhere in the paper. ÒÔÉÏ˵ÁËдÒýÑԵġ°»ù±¾¹«Ê½¡±¡£½áºÏÎÒ×Ô¼ºµÄÌå»á£¬Ð´ÒýÑÔ²¿·ÖµÄ×¢ÒâÊÂÏîΪ£º 1. 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Ö¸³ö¿ÎÌâ×éǰÎĺͱ¾ÎĵÄÁªÏµºÍÇø±ð¡£»Ø´ð¼ÈÈ»Ç°ÃæÒѾ·¢±í¹ý¼¸ÆªÎÄÕÂÁË£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´±¾ÎÄ»¹ÊÇÖµµÃ·¢±í£¿¼ÈÈ»ÒѾ·¢¹ýһƪ¿ì±¨£¬ÏÖÔÚΪʲôҪ·¢³¤ÎÄÕ£¿ºÍǰÎÄÏà±È£¬ÓÐÄÄЩз½·¨¡¢ÐÂÄÚÈÝ¡¢ÐÂÀíÂÛ£¿ÊÇ·ñ´ïµ½¸üºÃµÄÓ¦ÓÃЧ¹û£¿Èç¹û×Ô¼º²»Ð´Çå³þÕâЩ¶«Î÷£¬Éó¸åÈ˵±È»²»»áÖ÷¶¯¸ø×÷Õ߻شðÕâЩÎÊÌâµÄ£»¶øÈç¹ûÔÚÒýÑÔ²¿·ÖдÇå³þÕâЩ¶«Î÷£¬Éó¸åÈ˵Ä˼ά¾Í»á¸ù¾ÝÕâЩ¶«Î÷À´ÅжÏÊÇ·ñ¿ÉÐÅ£¬ÍùÍùÔÚдÉó¸åÒâ¼ûµÄʱºòÒ²»á°ÑÄãдµÄÀíÓɸ´ÊöÒ»±é£¬ËµµÄÈ·ÓÐж«Î÷£¬½¨Òé·¢±í¡£ 5. ÔÚÒýÑÔ²¿·ÖµÄĩ⽨ÒéÓüòÁ·µÄ»°°Ñ±¾ÎĵÄÖØÒª½á¹û¡°Ô¤ÀÀ¡±Ò»Ï¡£RatnoffÔÚ1981Äê˵£ºReading a scientific article isn't the same as reading a detective story. We want to know from the start that the butler did it.(¼ûR.A. Day, B. Gastel. How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper (6th Edition)¡£µ«ÊÇ×¢Òâ²»ÄÜʹÓÃ´óÆª·ùÔ¤ÀÀ£¬²»ÄܰÑÕýÎÄÀïÃæµÄÐÅÏ¢£¨±ÈÈçÓÃXRD×öÁËʲô£¬·¢ÏÖÕâ¸ö·åÄǸö·å£»ÓúìÍâ×öÁËʲô£¬·¢ÏÖÕâ¸ö·åÄǸö·å£©Ïêϸ͸¶£¬Ò»ÀÀÎÞÓà¡£Èç¹û´óƪ·ùÔ¤ÀÀµÄ»°£¬¶ÁÕ߾Ͳ»»áÔÙ¶ÁÎÄÕÂÁË¡£ÕâÕýºÃ±ÈµçÓ°µÄ¹ã¸æÆ¬¶¼ÊÇÓÐÒ»¶¨³¤¶ÈÒªÇóµÄ£¬Ò»°ã1-3·ÖÖÓ£¬Ã»ÓÐ20·ÖÖÓµÄ¹ã¸æÆ¬¡£ ÔÚThe ACS Style Guide (3rd Edition)p. 22¸ÅÀ¨µ½£º A good introduction is a clear statement of the problem or project and the reason for studying it. This information should be contained in the first few sentences. Give a concise and appropriate background discussion of the problem and the significance scope, and limits the work. Outline what has been done before citing truly pertinent literature, but do not include a general survey of semirelevant literature. Satate how your work differs from or is related to work previously published. Demonstrate the continuity from the previous work to yours. 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