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【前沿新闻】The Danger of Living With Ozone
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The Danger of Living With Ozone By Jennifer Couzin ScienceNOW Daily News 11 March 2009 http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2009/311/1?etoc Living in a city with high levels of ozone, a major component of smog, boosts the chance of dying from lung-related disease, new research has found. The study, the first to gauge long-term ozone mortality risks, could strengthen the case for stricter regulations of ozone-producing emissions, such as those coming from power plants and vehicles. Ozone in the stratosphere protects life on Earth from ultraviolet radiation, but near the ground the molecule is a so-called secondary pollutant. It forms when primary pollutants such as car emissions react with sunlight. Ozone damages the lungs and has been linked to asthma exacerbation and other lung problems. But short-term studies of death from acute exposure on smoggy days have yielded mixed results. Last year, a report by the U.S. National Research Council agreed that ozone exposure could kill and urged the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to conduct more studies of ozone-related mortality (ScienceNOW, 22 April 2008). As it happened, environmental health specialist Michael Jerrett of the University of California, Berkeley, was at work on such a study. His team was interested in the long-term effects of ozone on death rates, particularly those attributed to heart or lung problems. To find out more, Jerrett's group turned to an enormous cohort tracked for many years by the American Cancer Society as part of a study of cancer prevention. The scientists analyzed data on a subset of the cohort, 448,000 people living in 96 U.S. cities where levels of ozone are monitored at least during the spring and summer, when they're often highest. The team examined deaths and ozone levels between 1982 and 2000. In those 18 years, nearly 49,000 people died from heart ailments and almost 10,000 from respiratory causes. Unlike soot, ozone by itself didn't appear to contribute to heart disease. But the higher the ozone level in a particular city, the more likely its residents were to die of lung disease. For every increase of 10 parts per billion in ozone levels, the risk of respiratory death grew 2.9%, the group reports in the 12 March issue of The New England Journal of Medicine. (For comparison, the average ozone concentrations in the cities studied ranged from 33.3 parts per billion to 104.0 parts per billion.) Someone in a high-ozone city, such as Riverside, California, was three times as likely to die from lung disease as someone in a low-ozone city such as San Francisco. Like many other researchers, Jerrett believes that ozone causes lung inflammation and makes people more susceptible to infections such as pneumonia. Some experts say that the study bolsters the case for stricter controls on ozone-generating emissions. EPA is "about to start looking at the ozone standard again, [and] this is exactly the kind of information that EPA will use in its risk assessment," says Jonathan Samet, an epidemiologist and preventive medicine specialist at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles and a member of EPA's science advisory board. Still, the study has limitations and, because it's the first of its kind, should be replicated, several scientists agreed. [ Last edited by kongsun on 2009-3-17 at 15:04 ] |
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kongsun(金币+0,VIP+0):你好，貌似不是全文吧，点击ful ltext，要钱的说！ 3-16 13:23
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用这个网址http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2009/311/1?etoc 上面显示的就是全文啊，静下心来看就好了。英语没有想象的那么难。 |
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