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小木虫无限续航核潜艇
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【资源】WANG ZL 最新ZnO综述
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Copyright © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ZnO nanowire and nanobelt platform for nanotechnology Zhong Lin Wang, a, a School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0245, USA Available online 9 March 2009. Abstract Semiconducting zinc oxide nanowires (NWs) and nanobelts (NBs) are a unique group of quasi-one-dimensional nanomaterial. This review mainly focuses on the rational synthesis, structure analysis, novel properties and unique applications of zinc oxide NWs and NBs in nanotechnology. First, we will discuss rational design of synthetic strategies and the synthesis of NWs via vapor phase and chemical growth approaches. Secondly, the vapor–solid process for synthesis of oxide based nanostructures will be described in details. We will illustrate the polar surface dominated growth phenomena, such as the formation of nanosprings, nanorings and nanohelices of single-crystal zinc oxide. Third, we will describe the unique and novel electrical, optoelectronic, field emission, and mechanical properties of individual NWs and NBs. Finally, we will illustrate some novel devices and applications made using NWs as ultra-sensitive chemical and biological nanosensors, solar cell, light emitting diodes, nanogenerators, and nano-piezotronic devices. ZnO is ideal for nanogenerators for converting nano-scale mechanical energy into electricity owing to its coupled piezoelectric and semiconductive properties. The devices designed based on this coupled characteristic are the family of piezotronics, which is a new and unique group of electronic components that are controlled by external forces/pressure. Keywords: ZnO; Nanowire; Nanobelts; Nanospring; Nanoring; Nanogenerator; Nanopiezotronics; Nanosensor; Nanolaser; LED; Solar cell Article Outline 1. Introduction 2. Crystal structure of ZnO 3. Synthesis of aligned nanowires 3.1. Vapor–liquid–solid growth and vapor–solid–solid growth 3.2. Hydrothermal based chemical approach 3.2.1. Method 3.2.2. Patterned growth of vertically aligned nanowire array 3.2.3. Patterned growth of laterally aligned nanowire array 3.2.4. Competitive lateral and vertical growth 4. Nanobelts and polar surface induced novel growth configurations 4.1. Vapor–solid synthesis of nanobelts 4.2. Nanospirals and nanosprings 4.3. Seamless nanorings 4.4. Superlattice structured nanohelix 4.5. Deformation-free nanohelix 4.6. Self-catalyzed growth structures 5. Fundamental properties of nanowires and nanobelts 5.1. Mechanical properties of nanobelts and nanowires 5.1.1. In situ resonance of a nanobelt 5.1.2. Mechanical behavior of aligned nanowire array 5.1.3. Mechanical properties of a bridged nanobelt 5.1.4. Elastic property of a nanohelix 5.1.5. Super-elasticity of a nanohelix 5.2. Field emission properties 5.3. Optical property 5.3.1. Photoluminescence 5.3.2. Nanolaser 5.3.3. Light emitting diode 5.3.4. Dye-sensitized solar cell 5.4. Nanosensors 5.4.1. UV sensors 5.4.2. Gas sensors 5.5. Piezoelectric properties 5.6. Nanogenerators 5.6.1. Physical principle: n-type ZnO nanowire 5.6.2. Physical principle: p-type ZnO nanowire 5.6.3. Direct-current nanogenerator driven by ultrasonic wave 5.6.4. Criteria and tests for ruling out artifacts 5.6.5. Fiber based nanogenerators 5.6.6. Nanogenerator using laterally packaged nanowires 5.6.7. Muscle/movement driven nanogenerator 5.7. Nano-piezotronics 5.7.1. Piezoelectric field effect transistors 5.7.2. Piezoelectric diode 5.7.3. Polarity switchable piezoelectric diode 6. Biodegradability and biosafety 7. Summary Acknowledgements References Link1： http://www.sciencedirect.com/sci ... ebf4857aa2e53a25fab Link2： http://www.namipan.com/d/f42b3eb ... 14b3a8a8ad593efc300 |
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