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表面分析经典书籍：Surface Analysis with STM and AFM
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Sergei N. Magonov, Myung-Hwan Whangbo Surface Analysis with STM and AFM Experimental and Theoretical Aspects of Image Analysis Weinheim Preface Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are powerful tools for the examination of surfaces. The research, development, and application of the STM and AFM methods are currently making rapid progress. As a result, a large number of papers are being published every year on diverse subjects, from theory to experiment as well as on pplications to a variety of materials. This makes it rather difficult for an individual to keep up with such fast development. The physical concepts employed in the instrumentation of STM and AFM are simple, but the interpretation of the STM and AFM results can be complicated because of the convolution of several interactions in the measurement process. This complication exists in the large-scale imaging of surface morphology as well as in the molecularand atomic-scale images. Thus, many STM and AFM studies can be misinterpreted. To help to alleviate this problem, we felt it necessary to bring together into a book the essential components of STM and AFM studies, namely the practical aspects of STM and AFM, the image simulation by surface electron density plot calculations, and the qualitative evaluation of tip force induced surface corrugations. The primary goal of this book is to describe how the surfaces of various materials are characterized by employing STM and AFM, and what physicalkhemical features can be deduced from their images. The text consists of three parts. The first part is concerned with the backgrounds and fundamentals of STM and AFM, the physical phenomena leading to these methods, and the practical aspects of imaging. The second part describes the theoretical aspects of image analysis, the density plot calculations, and the accommodation of tip-sample force interactions. The third part deals with the experimental STM and AFM images and their interpretation for a variety of materials, which include layered inorganic materials, organic conducting salts, organic adsorbates at solid/liquid interfaces, self-assembled amphiphiles, and polymers. The experimental examples described here have mostly been taken from our own original publications. This book is designed to be a reference work for researchers already involved in STM and AFM as well as for newcomers to the field. It can also be used as a text for a one-semester special-topic course on STM/AFM applications at the graduate level. The authors would like to thank their colleagues Dr. Georg Bar, Hardy Bengel, Konrad Cramer, Alexander Wawkuschewski, Dr. Igor Tuzov, Dr. Jingqing Ren, Dr. Weigen Liang, Jeffrey Paradis, Professor Dongwoon Jung, and Dong-Kyun Seo. The writing of this book would not have been possible without their experimentaland theoretical studies. Professor H.-J. Cantow is specially thanked for his continuous support for and interest in our work. The authors also thank Professor R. Brec, Dr. M. Evain, Professor G. KoOmehl, Professor M. Moller, Professor R. Mulhaupt, Professor J. Peterman, Dr. B. Pfannemiiller, Professor M. Schworer, Professor G. Thiele and Professor E. Yagubskii for making their samples available to us. Dr. V. Elings, Professor P. Hansma and Professor B. Parkinson are acknowledged for invaluable discussions concerning various aspects of STM and AFM. Hardy Bengel and Konrad Cramer are thanked for their help in preparing the figures and diagrams used in this book. M.-H. W. thanks the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for a Humboldt Research Award for Senior US Scientists, which made possible his extended visit to the Materials Research Center, Albert-Ludwigs University, where the writing was completed. Finally, the authors thank their wives, Elena and Jin-Ok, and their children, Katja, Masha, Jennifer, and Albert, for their patience and moral support. Our joint research activities have been supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences, under Grant DEFG05- 86ER45259, and by the European Community under the Human Capital and Mobility Project (ERBCHRXCT940675). Freiburg, Germany Raleigh, North Carolina, USA November 1995 Sergei N. Magonov Myung-Hwan Whangbo download： http://ifile.it/zf4yuin/surface_analysis_with_stm_and_afm.pdf |
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