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昆仑雪狼木虫 (正式写手)
浪荡子
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[交流]
丙烯酸（丙烯酸甲酯）与己二胺形成酰胺的反应条件？
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| 我最近在做实验，这个反应条件一直无法敲定，感觉是很容易进行的反应，可是很没有把握，望这方面的大侠们多多赐教啊。 |
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leonumn
铁杆木虫 (著名写手)
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昆仑雪狼(金币+6,VIP+0):真的很感谢，呵呵，我是在Ti表面修饰时用的，但反应条件剧烈的话就会影响其他的，呵呵 3-5 10:26
昆仑雪狼(金币+6,VIP+0):真的很感谢，呵呵，我是在Ti表面修饰时用的，但反应条件剧烈的话就会影响其他的，呵呵 3-5 10:26
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我是做肽合成的, 着种缩合反应是经典的, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbodiimide Carbodiimide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search A carbodiimide is a functional group consisting of the formula N=C=N. Carbodiimides hydrolyze to form ureas, which makes them rarely found in nature. Contents [hide] 1 Carbodiimide formation 2 Uses of carbodiimides 2.1 Amide formation mechanism 3 DCC 4 DIC 5 EDC 5.1 References 5.2 External links [edit] Carbodiimide formation Carbodiimides are formed by dehydration of ureas or from thioureas. [edit] Uses of carbodiimides In synthetic organic chemistry, compounds containing the carbodiimide functionality are dehydration agents and are often used to activate carboxylic acids towards amide or ester formation. Additives, such as N-hydroxybenzotriazole or N-hydroxysuccinimide, are often added to increase yields and decrease side reactions. Carbodiimides can also react with amines to form guanidines. [edit] Amide formation mechanism The formation of an amide using a carbodiimide is straightforward, but with several side reactions complicating the subject. The acid 1 will react with the carbodiimide to produce the key intermediate: the O-acylisourea 2, which can be viewed as a carboxylic ester with an activated leaving group. The O-acylisourea will react with amines to give the desired amide 3 and urea 4. The side reaction of the O-acylisourea 2 produce both desired and undesired products. The O-acylisourea 2 can react with an addition carboxylic acid 1 to give a acid anhydride 5, which can react further to give the desired amide 3. The main undesired reaction pathway involves the rearrangement of the O-acylisourea 2 to the stable N-acylurea 6. The use of solvents with low-dielectric constants such as dichloromethane or chloroform can minimize this side reaction. [edit] DCC Structure of DicyclohexylcarbodiimideMain article: Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide DCC (acronym for N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) was one of the first carbodiimides developed. It is widely used for amide and ester formation, especially for solid-phase peptide synthesis. DCC has achieved popularity mainly because of its high yielding amide coupling reactions and the fact that it is quite inexpensive. However, DCC does have some serious drawbacks, and its use is often avoided unless necessary, for several reasons: The byproduct N,N'-dicyclohexylurea is mostly removed by filtration, but trace amounts remain and are often difficult to remove. DCC is incompatible with traditional solid-phase peptide synthesis. The formed N,N'-dicyclohexylurea is mostly insoluble and is difficult to separate from the peptide resin. DCC is a potent allergen, repeated contact with skin increases the probability of sensitization to the compound. Clinical reports of individuals who cannot enter rooms where peptide coupling agents are used have been reported. [edit] DIC Structure of N,N'-DiisopropylcarbodiimideMain article: N,N'-Diisopropylcarbodiimide DIC (acronym for N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide) was developed as an alternative to DCC. DIC is identical to DCC in nearly every way except: As a liquid, DIC is easier to handle than DCC (which is a waxy solid). The product, N,N'-diisopropylurea, is soluble in organic solvents and is easily removed by extraction. Hence, DIC is more often used in solid-phase synthesis. DIC is far less likely than DCC to cause an allergic reaction. [edit] EDC EDC IUPAC name [show] 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride Identifiers CAS number 25952-53-8 SMILES [show] CCN=C=NCCCN(C)C Properties Molecular formula C8H17N3 * HCl Molar mass 191.70 g/mol Melting point 110-114 °C< Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox references EDC (also EDAC or EDCI, acronyms for 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride) is a water soluble carbodiimide which is typically employed in the 4.0-6.0 pH range. It is generally used as a carboxyl activating agent for the coupling of primary amines to yield amide bonds. Additionally, EDC can also be used to activate phosphate groups. Common uses for this carbodiimide include peptide synthesis, protein crosslinking to nucleic acids and preparation of immunoconjugates. EDC is often used in combination with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) or sulfo-NHS to increase coupling efficiency or create a stable amine-reactive product. EDC also used in organic chemistry to couple a carboxylic acid to alcohol using DMAP as a catalyst. [edit] References Nakajima, N; Ikada, Y; Bioconjug Chem. 1995, 6(1), 123-130. Abstract http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fbc00031a015 Skotnicki, S; Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35(2), 197-200. [1] |
8楼2009-03-04 12:15:08
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2楼2009-03-03 21:39:31
yiyunlai
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3楼2009-03-03 22:27:15
昆仑雪狼
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4楼2009-03-04 08:46:51
