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【论文推荐】癌症免疫疗法：激活激活子，抑制抑制子（第二军医大学曹雪涛院士）
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文章题目：Evolving strategies for tumor immunotherapy: enhancing the enhancer and suppressing the suppressor 文章链接（免费获取，欢迎点击链接阅读全文！）：https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwx032 通讯作者：中国医学科学院院长、第二军医大学免疫学研究所所长曹雪涛院士。 在癌组织周边的内环境中，免疫系统和癌组织会展开一场对抗。免疫细胞会分泌免疫激活子，创造更适宜免疫系统杀灭癌细胞的内环境；而癌细胞则会分泌相应的免疫抑制子，来使免疫系统迟钝，为自身存货增殖提供环境。因此，激活免疫激活子、抑制免疫抑制子，就成为了癌症免疫疗法的两大核心思路。在这篇NSR观点文章中，曹雪涛教授等人即从这两方面入手，对癌症免疫疗法的发展情况进行了精辟的解读。同时，文章还对免疫检查点疗法、CAR-T疗法等极具潜力的最新免疫疗法进展进行了评述。 《国家科学评论》（National Science Review, NSR）是中科院主管的综合性学术期刊，2016年度影响因子8.843。 文章首段：Cancers develop complex and dynamic tissue microenvironments to support their sustained growth, invasion and metastasis. For decades, rapid progress has been made in the cross talk between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment, especially the local immune system [1]. In response to growing tumors, multiple immune cells and cytokines may act as ‘enhancers’ of the immune system to maintain powerful defenses against tumor cells. However, tumors can subvert various microenvironmental elements including the immune system itself as a ‘suppressor’ to counteract antitumor immune responses. Re-educating the disabled immune system within the tumor microenvironment and also reactivating the compromised immune response systemically, such as enhancing the ‘enhancer’ and suppressing the ‘suppressor’, have proven to be effective strategies for treating cancers (Figure 1). Notably, the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor-T cells (CAR-T) has been the most exciting breakthrough in tumor immunotherapy recently. Therefore, more innovative research on the regulation and intervention of immune responses in tumor microenvironments may provide multiple new immunotherapeutic strategies for cancers.  文章图 |
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