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The surest way to wield influence is to invent something useful

Jan 20th 2011

WHEN trying to generate new ideas, ¡°you have to make sure people feel OK about saying crazy things,¡± says Nathan Myhrvold. His firm, Intellectual Ventures, seeks to profit from inventions. Mr Myhrvold does not need the money; as a former chief technology officer of Microsoft he already has sacks of it. But he believes that ¡°invention is the closest thing to magic we have.¡±

Mr Myhrvold convenes ¡°invention sessions¡±, each one including thinkers from a variety of fields. He puts them in a room with gallons of coffee and lets them bounce ideas around. Assistants record the conversation and jolly it along by projecting relevant scientific papers onto a screen. Mr Myhrvold, a physicist by training, takes part with gusto.

Because he is brainy and well connected (investors in his firm include Microsoft, Intel, Apple, Google, Sony and Nokia), other brainy people are happy to attend his pow-wows. No idea is too outrageous to receive a hearing. One participant suggested killing malarial mosquitoes with laser beams. Everyone laughed. But then they started thinking about it and realised that laser technology is much cheaper than it was, thanks to Blu-Ray players and laser printers. A working prototype was built in 2008. The firm is now looking for a partner to manufacture it.

Among other things, his team has designed a nuclear reactor that would use nuclear waste as its fuel. This, he says, would squeeze 20 times more power out of uranium than current technology does. He and Bill Gates set up TerraPower, an energy firm, to develop the idea. This is the kind of ambitious and risky bet that the world has to make if global warming is to be curbed, says Mr Myhrvold. If it comes off, he will make another fortune. If not, he has plenty of other ideas.

Mr Myhrvold's firm illustrates some useful principles for those who want to foster innovation. First, as technology grows more complex, advances depend less on individual inspiration and more on collaboration. The more that the millions of scientists in the world talk to each other, the more good ideas will emerge. The number of patents granted has risen from 900,000 in 1985 to 1.9m in 2008.

Mr Myhrvold's firm is based near Seattle, but flies in scientists from far and wide and maintains a subsidiary in India to tap the torrent of innovation there. Its boffins in Bangalore are working on projects ranging from a red laser to preserve food to a DNA nano-machine to deliver drugs to precisely the right spot in a patient's body.

The second principle is that profits matter. Invention has many mothers, of which money is probably not the most important. Inventors tinker because that is what they love doing. Necessity, famously, plays a role. But inventors also want to live well. The profit motive is a crucial source of discipline. It is one thing to make a battery-powered car; quite another to make one sufficiently cheap and powerful for people to buy it.

Yet the market for ideas is far from perfect. Capital is impatient. There is plenty of venture capital for ideas that promise returns in the short or medium term, but longer-term research and development depends heavily on governments. It is typically funded on a charitable basis: ¡°Give me the money and you'll never see it again,¡± as Mr Myhrvold puts it. He favours a more businesslike approach, involving a more liquid market for investors to buy and sell ideas. Such a market, he thinks, would attract billions of dollars for new inventions.

His ideas are controversial. Intellectual Ventures, as well as generating its own ideas, buys sheaves of patents from others. Some people in Silicon Valley fear that Mr Myhrvold will use his portfolio of patents to sue technology firms for allegedly infringing them. But Mr Myhrvold denies any intention of becoming what Valley folk call a ¡°patent troll¡±. He runs a number of funds that allow patient investors to take a punt on a basket of ideas that may produce a long-term pay-off. This generates immediate rewards for inventors who sell their patents, thereby encouraging innovation, he argues.

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