The charge transfer can be either thermally or optically induced. It can be described by transitions between, or motions on, free energy surfaces (FESs).23 The free energy of the whole electron donor−acceptor system, including the solvent environment, is given as a function of the reaction coordinate (Figure 2). Following the Franck−Condon principle, electron motion is much faster than nuclear motion.As a consequence, optically induced charge transfer occurs from the minimum of the reactant state generated by an increase in the energy along the vertical direction to the product FESs, whereas thermally induced charge transfer can occur only in the transition-state (TS) region¡£
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