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昆仑雪狼

木虫 (正式写手)

浪荡子

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专业: 生物医用高分子材料

[交流] 西方6个节日的由来（含中文译）

?????HALLOWEEN
?????????Christmas day
??????????????
?ж????????Thanksgiving Day
?????Easter Day
?????April Fool??s Day

????? HALLOWEEN
]One story about Jack, an Irishman, who was not allowed into Heaven because he was stingy with his money. So he was sent to hell. But down there he played tricks on the Devil (Satan), so he was kicked out of Hell and made to walk the earth forever carrying a lantern.
????Well, Irish children made Jack's lanterns on October 31st from a large potato or turnip, hollowed out with the sides having holes and lit by little candles inside. And Irish children would carry them as they went from house to house begging for food for the village Halloween festival that honored the Druid god Muck Olla. The Irish name for these lanterns was "Jack with the lantern" or "Jack of the lantern," abbreviated as " Jack-o'-lantern" and now spelled "jack-o-lantern."
????The traditional Halloween you can read about in most books was just children's fun night. Halloween celebrations would start in October in every elementary school.
????Children would make Halloween decorations, all kinds of orange-paper jack-o-lanterns. And from black paper you'd cut "scary" designs ---an evil witch with a pointed hat riding through the sky on a broomstick, maybe with black bats flying across the moon, and that meant bad luck. And of course black cats for more bad luck. Sometimes a black cat would ride away into the sky on the back of the witch's broom.
????And on Halloween night we'd dress up in Mom or Dad's old shoes and clothes, put on a mask, and be ready to go outside. The little kids (children younger than we were) had to go with their mothers, but we older ones went together to neighbors' houses, ringing their doorbell and yelling, "Trick or treat!" meaning, "Give us a treat (something to eat) or we'll play a trick on you!" The people inside were supposed to come to the door and comment on our costumes.
????Oh! here's a ghost. Oh, there's a witch. Oh, here's an old lady.
????Sometimes they would play along with us and pretend to be scared by some ghost or witch. But they would always have some candy and maybe an apple to put in our "trick or treat bags." But what if no one come to the door, or if someone chased us away? Then we'd play a trick on them, usually taking a piece of soap and make marks on their windows. .And afterwards we would go home and count who got the most candy. One popular teen-agers' Halloween trick was to unroll a roll of toilet paper and throw it high into a tree again and again until the tree was all wrapped in the white paper. The paper would often stay in the tree for weeks until a heavy snow or rain washed it off. No real harm done, but it made a big mess of both the tree and the yard under it. One kind of Halloween mischief.??

????????????????????????????????н??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????"???????"????????м????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????"?????????"????"???????"????д?Jack-o'-lantern?????д?jack-o -lantern??
?????????????????????????????????????????????????С?У??????????????·?????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????ú???????????????????--????????????????????????????????????????????????????Щ????????????????è???????????䶮??????????è???????????????????????Ρ?

????????????????????????????????????·????Ь??????????????????????????С?????????????????????????????????????嵽???????????????岢??????????"?????绹???д???"???????????????????????????????????ó????????????????
????"??????ǹ??????????????????????"
???????????????????????棬????????????????????????????????????Щ?ǹ????????????????"?????绹???д?"???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ǹ????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????硣
????????
????1. was stingy with????????????Stingy??????????????????????"?????"???????????????"?????"????????????stinggy??????????????with????????
????2. carrying a lantern?????????????????carrying??walk?????????????????????????Jack?????????????????????????????????
????3. neighbors' houses???????????Neighbors???????????????????"s"?????????"????"????????"'s"?????????????????"'"??????????neighbors' houses??
????4. come to the door??????"????????"?????????????????????ЩС????????????
????5. unroll a roll of toilet paper???????????????roll???????roll??"????????"???????a roll of toilet paper??????????unroll????roll???????????"??"??????????????"????????"???

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?????????Christmas day
????Origin of Christmas
????The name Christmas is short for "Christ's Mass". A Mass is a kind of Church service. Christmas is a religious festival. It is the day we celebrate as the birthday of Jesus.
????There are special Christmas services in Christian churches all over the world. But many of the festivities of Christmas do not have anything to do with religion. Exchanging gifts and sending Christmas cards are the modern ways of celebrating the Christmas in the world.
????The birth of Jesus had a story: In Nazareth, a city of Galilee. The virgin's name was Mary was betrothed to Joseph. Before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Spirit. Joseph her husband was minded to put her away secretly. While he thought about these things, Gabriel, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and told him did not be afraid to take Mary as wife. And Mary will bring forth a Son, and he shall call his name, Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins.
????Before Jesus births, Joseph and Mary came to Quintus was governing Syria. So all went to be registered, everyone to his own city. Joseph also went up out of Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and of the lineage of David, to be registered with Mary, his betrothed wife, who was with child. So it was that while they were there, the days were completed for her to be delivered. And she brought forth her firstborn Son, and wrapped him in swaddling cloths, and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.????
????And that, Christmas is the feast of the nativity of Jesus, is on 25th, December every year. But nobody know the actual birthday of Jesus. And the Christmas has become popular when Christmas cards appeared in 1846 and the concept of a jolly Santa Claus was first made popular in nineteenth Century.
????????????????????????????????????д?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????е?????????????e???????????????к??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????4???????1??6???????????????????????????????????????????????????????Epiphany??????????????????????????????????????????????·?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????з?????354??12??25??????????????????????????????????????о?????????12??25??????????????????336???????????????375????С??????????????430????????????????????????·??????????????????????????????????????1??6???????????????????
????12??25??????????????????????????????Mithra??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????︴??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????12??25??????????????????????????鲻????????????????????????12??24?????????1??6?????????????Christmas Tide?????????????????????????????ν??????????????????12??25???????????????????????1??6???????????????????????????????????1??6????????????????????????????????????????????λ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????12??25???????????????????????????й??
?????????????????ι???????????????????У?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????δ?黳?ж????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????о??????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????裬????????δ??????ù???????????????????????????@???????????????????????Ψ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????]????????????????o????????????С?????????????????????????????????
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昆仑雪狼

木虫 (正式写手)

浪荡子

应助: 2 (幼儿园)
金币: 1837.1
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注册: 2007-03-10
专业: 生物医用高分子材料

情人节名字的来历
情人节名字的来历尚无定论。有些历史学家主张，这个节日纪念的是一位叫"瓦伦丁"的人，他在公元270年2月14日殉道而亡。另外有人把这个节日和另一个叫"瓦伦丁"的圣人联系在一起。他违抗罗马皇帝克劳第俄斯的命令，暗中为情人们证婚，被关进监狱，但后来变成了情人的保护神。还有人认为，这个名字源于一个法国字，意思是"对妇女献殷勤的人"。还有一种理论讲，之所以选定2月14日作为情人节，是因为鸟类传统上从这一天起开始发情交配。

　　不管名字源于何处，情人节有其漫长浪漫的历史。罗马征服者征服英国后，把庆祝这个节日的习惯带到了英国，英国的殖民者又把它带到了美国。

　　Origin of Valentine

　　The origin of the name , Valentine, remains in doubt. Some historians contend the festival commemorates the death of a Christian martyr named Valentine on February 14, in the year 270. Others link it to another St. Valentine who became the patron saint of lovers after he was imprisoned by Emperor Claudius for secretly marrying couples contrary to the Emperor' s order.Still others say the name is originated from a French word meaning ''gallant''(a man who pays great attention to women). And one further theory is that February 14 was chosen because birds traditionally began to mate on that day.

　　Whatever the origin, Valentine' s Day has had a long and romantic history. The Roman conquerors carried the celebration to England , and then the English settlers carried it to the America .

情人节物语Valentine's Day
a holiday from work. No one gets a day off[1]. On Valentine's Day people usually send romantic cards to someone they love or want to be loved by. The cards are called "valentines". They are very colorful, often decorated with hearts, flowers or birds, and have humorous or sentimental verses printed inside. The basic message of the verse is always "Be My Valentine", "Be My Sweet Heart" or "Lover". A valentine is anonymous, or sometimes signed "Guess who". The person receiving it has to guess who sent it. This can lead to interesting speculation. And that's half the fun of valentines.

　　The affectionate message might be carried by a heart - shaped box of chocolate candies, or by a bouquet of flowers tied with red ribbon. But in whatever form, the message is the same - "Will you be my valentine?"

　　One of the symbols of St. Valentine's Day is the Roman god of Love, called Cupid. Cupid is often printed on the card, who is winged infant without wearing anything, poised to shoot his arrow into a heart. He would shoot an arrow of love into a person's heart to make the person fall in love[2] immediately, maybe with the first person to come along. Sometimes one arrow would go through[3] two hearts, holding them together. So on February 14th not only do we have picture of the Christian St. Valentine but we also have pictures of the non-Christian Cupid, the Roman god of Love.

　　But it is from the Christians that we get the stories about Valen-tine's Day that most people have come to believe[4]. One story is about a Christian man whose name sounded something like "Valentine." He lived around 250 A.D. At that time the Roman Emperor Claudius refused to allow any Roman soldiers to get married for any reason whatsoever. Christian couples came to Valentine to be married. So Valentine would marry them in a Christian way. He was discovered and put in prison by the Emperor. One tradition says that he wrote notes to his friends by marking on leaves and then throwing them out the window of his prison. And the leaves were shaped like a heart.

　　There are many favorite songs of Valentine's Day. Here is one of them: Let me call you sweetheart, I'm in love with you. Let me hear you whisper, That you love me , too. Keep the lovelight shining, In your eyes so true . Let me call you sweetheart, I'm in love with you.

　　二月十四日是一个复杂而又有趣的节日。首先，情人节不是一个休假日。没人放假。在情人节这一天，人们爱谁或想得到谁的爱，就可给那个人寄去充满浪漫情趣的卡片。这种卡片叫"情人卡"。情人卡色彩鲜艳，常装饰有心、花或鸟，里面还印有幽默或感伤性的诗句。这些诗句传递的基本信息总是"做我的情人吧"、" 做我甜蜜的心上人吧"、"情人"。情人卡是不署名的，有时也可签上"猜是谁"。收到卡片的人要猜是谁寄的。这样可产生有趣的推测，这也正是情人卡的一些乐趣。
　　你可以用一个心脏形状的盒子，里面放上巧克力糖，来传递爱的信息，也可用彩带扎上一束鲜花来传递。不管用什幺方式，都是一样的--"你愿做我的情人吗？"
　　情人节的标志之一是罗马爱神--丘比特。丘比特经常被印在卡片上，他是一个赤身裸体、长有翅膀的婴儿，手里拿着箭，摆出一副要射心的姿势。他把爱之箭射中一个人的心，这个人会很快坠入爱河，可能是和他（她）第一个见到的人。有时候，一只箭会射中两颗心，把它们穿在一起。所以在二月十四日，我们不仅有基督的"圣瓦伦登"的画像，还有非基督的罗马爱神丘比特的画像。
　
　注释：
　　1. get a day off：休假一天。我们知道，off通常是"离开、关掉"的意思。那幺"拿一天离开、关掉一天"自然就是可以不需要去上班上学啦！于是就是"休假一天"。
　　2. fall in love：坠入爱河（恋爱）。Fall原意是"落下、跌倒"的意思，"跌倒到爱里去了"，自然就是最最幸福的时刻了，那就是坠入爱河的感觉啦！
　　3. go through：穿过。此处是指爱神之箭穿透了两个人的心。把他们的心连起来了。
　　4. It is from the Christians that we get the stories about Valentine's Day that most people have come to believe.：这是一个强调句式。被强调的from the Christians戴上了It is这个帽子，就成了"主角"了。而剩下的句子成分则由that来引导，按原序被扔在了后面了。
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感恩节的由来Thanksgiving Day
　　Now I would like to give you some details about Thanksgiving Day in the United States. Thanksgiving Day is the most truly American of the national Holidays in the United States and is most closely connected with the earliest history of the country.
　　In 1620, the settlers, or Pilgrims, they sailed to America on the May flower, seeking a place where they could have freedom of worship. After a tempestuous two-month voyage they landed at in icy November, what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts?
　　During their first winter, over half of the settlers died of [1] starvation or epidemics. Those who survived began sowing in the first spring.
　　All summer long they waited for the harvests with great anxiety, knowing that their lives and the future existence of the colony depended on the coming harvest. Finally the fields produced a yield rich beyond expectations. And therefore it was decided that a day of thanksgiving to the Lord be fixed [2]. Years later, President of the United States proclaimed the fourth Thursday of November as Thanksgiving Day every year. The celebration of Thanksgiving Day has been observed on that date until today.
　　The pattern of the Thanksgiving celebration has never changed through the years. The big family dinner is planned months ahead. On the dinner table, people will find apples, oranges, chestnuts, walnuts and grapes. There will be plum pudding, mince pie, other varieties of food and cranberry juice and squash. The best and most attractive among them are roast turkey and pumpkin pie. They have been the most traditional and favorite food on Thanksgiving Day throughout the years.
　　Everyone agrees the dinner must be built around roast turkey stuffed with bread dressing [3] to absorb the tasty juices as it roasts. But as cooking varies with families and with the regions where one lives, it is not easy to get a consensus on[4] the precise kind of stuffing for the royal bird. Thanksgiving today is, in every sense, a national annual holiday on which Americans of all faiths and backgrounds join in to express their thanks for the year' s bounty and reverently ask for continued[5] blessings.
　　现在我想给你们详细谈谈美国的感恩节。感恩节是美国国定假日中最地道、最美国式的节日，而且它和早期美国历史最为密切相关。
　　1620年，一些朝圣者（或称为清教徒）乘坐"五月花"号船去美国寻求宗教自由。他们在海上颠簸折腾了两个月之后，终于在酷寒的十一月里，在现在的马萨诸塞州的普里茅斯登陆。
　　在第一个冬天，半数以上的移民都死于饥饿和传染病，活下来的人们在第一个春季开始播种。整个夏天他们都热切地盼望着丰收的到来，他们深知自己的生存以及殖民地的存在与否都将取决于即将到来的收成。后来，庄稼获得了意外的丰收，所以大家决定要选一个日子来感谢上帝的恩典。多年以后，美国总统宣布每年十一月的第四个星期四为感恩节。感恩节庆祝活动便定在这一天，直到如今。
　　感恩节庆祝模式许多年来从未改变。丰盛的家宴早在几个月之前就开始着手准备。人们在餐桌上可以吃到苹果、桔子、栗子、胡桃和葡萄，还有葡萄干布丁、碎肉馅饼、各种其它食物以及红莓苔汁和鲜果汁，其中最妙和最吸引人的大菜是烤火鸡和番瓜馅饼，这些菜一直是感恩节中最富于传统意义和最受人喜爱的食品。
　　人人都赞成感恩节大餐必需以烤火鸡为主菜。火鸡在烘烤时要以面包作填料以吸收从中流出来的美味汁液，但烹饪技艺常因家庭和地区的不同而各异，应用什幺填料也就很难求得一致。
　　今天的感恩节是一个不折不扣的国定假日。在这一天，具有各种信仰和各种背景的美国人，共同为他们一年来所受到的上苍的恩典表示感谢，虔诚地祈求上帝继续赐福。
注释：1. died of：死于……。Die这个词真的很可怕呀！一不小心就弄错。当死于身体内部原因的，die后面要接介词of，如：饥饿（starvation）、悲伤（sadness）等；当死于外因时则要用die from，比如死于受伤（wound）。
　　2. it was decided that a day of thanksgiving to the Lord be fixed：decide可是个让你省事儿的好词了。它后面如果接从句，往往接虚拟语气。所以看见decide后面的从句，你就可以大胆地用动词（should）+“原形”"啦！
　　3. dressing：调味品、填料。这里的dressing可不是穿的呀，a bread dressing可不是“面包衣服”！和bread在一起，dressing自然就是吃的啦！它是“调味品”的意思，“穿”在食物的身上了。
　　4. consensus on：就……达成一致。注：consensus后面的介词要用on，而不用about。
　　5. continued：继续的。这里的continued看似动词continue的过去式，但它却是有自己的含义的，它是形容词“继续的”意思。这样continued blessings就是上帝“继续的赐福”了。
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复活节Easter Day
　　Most English holidays have a religious origin. Easter Day occurs on the first Sunday after the full moon following the spring equinox [1]. It is originally the day to commemorate the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. But now for most people, Easter is a secular spring holiday, while for the children, it means, more than anything else, Easter eggs or chocolate eggs!
　　On Easter Sunday morning, the breakfast eggs are boiled in several pans in some families. Each containing a different vegetable dye, so that when they are served the shells is no longer white or pale brown in color, but yellow or pink, blue or green. The dyes do not penetrate[2] the shell of course.
　　Chocolate Easter eggs are displayed in confectioners' shops [3] as soon as Christmas is over. The smallest and simplest are inexpensive enough for children to buy with pocket money.
　　These are of two sorts. Very small ones, perhaps a little longer than an inch in length, are coated thinly with chocolate on the outside and filled with a sweet, soft paste, called fondant. They are wrapped in colored foil in a variety of patterns. Slightly larger eggs, a little bigger, as a rule [4], than a duck's egg, are hollow. There is nothing inside at all-- just a wrapped chocolate shell. You break the shell and eat the jagged, irregular pieces.
　　As Easter approaches, more elaborate eggs than these fill the sweetshop windows. They are accompanied by all sorts of small presents designed to appeal to children. They are often decorated with small fluffy chickens, made of wool, and with feet and beaks in card. Lucky children may receive several of these as presents from friends or relations.
　　Easter eggs are meant to give enjoyment-- and they do! They are pretty and decorative, they signal good wishes and shared happiness in the changing seasons.
　　英国大部分节日都起源于宗教。复活节发生在过了春分月圆后的第一个星期日，原是纪念耶稣复活的日子。而现在对大多数人来说，复活节只是一个人们享受美好春光的普通节日。对于孩子们来说，没有比复活节彩蛋或巧克力蛋更重要的了。
　　复活节早上，有的家里把早餐用的蛋分放在几个盛有不同颜色的植物染料的锅里煮，这样端上来的蛋不再是白色或浅棕色的，而是黄色或粉红色，蓝色或绿色的。当然，染料是不会渗透到蛋壳里去的。
　　圣诞节一过，复活节巧克力蛋便在糖果店里摆出来了。那些最小和花样最简单的很便宜，孩子们用自己的零花钱就可以买下来。这段时期上市的彩蛋有两种。小的一种叫方旦糖，长一英寸多一点，外面是一层薄薄的巧克力，里面是又甜又软的面团，然后再用彩色的锡箔纸包装成各种形状。另外一种是空蛋，稍为大一点，一般比鸭蛋还大一点。里面什么也没有，只是包着一个巧克力外壳。只需打碎外壳，吃巧克力片。
　　复活节临近时，糖果店的橱窗里会摆满比这些更精美的彩蛋。同时还有各种各样的用来吸引孩子们的小礼物出售。上面装饰有毛绒绒的羊毛做的小鸡，小鸡的嘴和脚都粘在卡片上。幸运的孩子可能从亲友那儿得到好几种这样的礼物。
　　复活节彩蛋是为了给人们带来快乐--确实如此！这些彩蛋精美漂亮且富有装饰性，它们代表着人们的美好心愿，并与你分享季节更替的喜悦。

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April Fool′s Day 愚人节
　　April Fool's Day is traditionally a day to play practical jokes on others, send people on fool's errands, and fool the unsuspecting. No one knows how this holiday began but it was thought to have originated in France.

　　The closest point in time that can be identified as the beginning of this tradition was in 1582, in France. New Year's was celebrated on March 25 and celebrations lasted until April 1st. When New Year's Day as changed from March 25 to January 1st in the mid-1560's by King Charles IX, there were some people who still celebrated it on April 1st and those people were called April Fools.

　　Pranks performed on April Fool's Day range from the simple, (such as saying, "Your shoe's untied!), to the elaborate. Setting a roommate's alarm clock back an hour is a common gag. The news media even gets involved. For instance, a British short film once shown on April Fool's Day was a fairly detailed documentary about "spaghetti farmers" and how they harvest their crop from the spaghetti trees. Whatever the prank, the trickster usually ends it by yelling to his victim, "April Fool!"

　　April Fool's Day is a "for-fun-only" observance. Nobody is expected to buy gifts or to take their "significant other" out to eat in a fancy restaurant. Nobody gets off work or school. It's simply a fun little holiday, but a holiday on which one must remain forever vigilant, for he may be the next April Fool!

　　Each country celebrates April Fool's differently. In France, the April Fool's is called "April Fish" (Poisson d'Avril). The French fool their friends by taping a paper fish to their friends' backs and when some discovers a this trick, they yell "oisson d'Avril!".

　　In England, tricks can be played only in the morning. If a trick is played on you, you are a "noodle". In Scotland, April Fools Day is 48 hours long and you are called an "April Gowk", which is another name for a cuckoo bird. The second day in Scotland's April Fool's is called Taily Day and is dedicated to pranks involving the buttocks. Taily Day's gift to posterior posterity is the still-hilarious "Kick Me" sign.

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