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Molecule-Level g‑C3N4 Coordinated Transition Metals as a New Class
of Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Electrode Reactions

ABSTRACT: Organometallic complexes with metal−
nitrogen/carbon (M−N/C) coordination are the most
important alternatives to precious metal catalysts for
oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and
OER) in energy conversion devices. Here, we designed
and developed a range of molecule-level graphitic carbon
nitride (g-C3N4) coordinated transition metals (M−C3N4)
as a new generation of M−N/C catalysts for these oxygen
electrode reactions. As a proof-of-concept example, we
conducted theoretical evaluation and experimental validation on a cobalt−C
3N4 catalyst with a desired molecular
configuration, which possesses comparable electrocatalytic
activity to that of precious metal benchmarks for the ORR
and OER in alkaline media. The correlation of
experimental and computational results confirms that this
high activity originates from the precise M−N2 coordination in the g-C3N4 matrix. Moreover, the reversible ORR/
OER activity trend for a wide variety of M−C3N4
complexes has been constructed to provide guidance for
the molecular design of this promising class of catalysts.
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