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Science 8 July 1994:
Vol. 265. no. 5169, pp. 228 - 231
DOI: 10.1126/science.265.5169.228
       
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Articles

Worldwide Initiation of Holocene Marine Deltas by Deceleration of Sea-Level Rise
Daniel Jean Stanley 1 and Andrew G. Warne 2

1 Deltas-Global Change Program, Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.
2 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Water-ways Experiment Station, CEWES-GG-YH Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA.

Radiocarbon-dated deltaic sequences of Holocene age from different parts of the world began to accumulate within a restricted time range, from about 8500 to 6500 years ago. Evaluation of major delta processes indicates that deceleration in sea-level rise was the key factor in Holocene delta formation. Within many deltas, there is as much as a 2000-year age range between basal deposits in seaward and landward cores. This age difference records the progressive landward migration of near mean sea-level depositional environments during the lower to mid-Holocene. Establishment of a chronostratigraphic framework for Holocene delta development provides a fundamental global baseline for distinguishing sea-level change from vertical land motion by tectonism and isostasy, and for evaluating rates of future marine incursion into low-lying deltas.


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An early Holocene sea-level jump and delta initiation
An early Holocene sea-level jump and delta initiation

Kazuaki Hori

Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan

Yoshiki Saito

Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan

Early Holocene sea-level change controlled the evolution of clastic coastal depositional systems. Radiocarbon-dated borehole cores obtained from three incised-valley-fill systems in Asia (Changjiang, Song Hong, and Kiso River) record very similar depositional histories, especially between about 9000 and 8500 cal BP. Sedimentary facies changes from estuarine sand and mud to shelf or prodelta mud suggest that the marine influence in the incised valleys increased during this period. In addition, large decreases in sediment accumulation rates occurred. A sea-level jump causes an estuarine system and its depocenter to move rapidly landward. It is possible that the final collapse of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, accompanied by catastrophic drainage of glacial lakes, at approximately 8500 cal BP caused such a jump. The jump was followed immediately by a period of decelerated sea-level rise that promoted delta initiation.


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