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[交流]
总理记者招待会答中外记者问(中英对照全文)
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温家宝： 我曾经在多个场合说过今年是改革年，理由有三个：消除经济运行中不健康不稳定的因素，巩固宏观调控成果，要靠改革；解决经济生活中的深层次矛盾和问题，调整经济结构，转变经济增长方式，要靠改革；实现社会公平与正义，构建和谐社会，也要靠改革。改革不是一年的事情，而是长期的任务。有些问题早改比晚改好，否则积重难返。对于今年的改革，主要有五项任务：第一，推进政府自身的建设与改革，转变政府职能。第二，推进国有企业改革，主要是健全公司法人治理结构，加快股份制改革。第三，推进金融改革。这是十分重要的任务，要下大力气。第四，推进以税费改革为核心的农村改革，主要是解决农村上层建筑不适应经济基础的某些环节。第五，推进社会保障制度改革，加快建立适合中国国情的社会保障体系。确切说，今年是改革攻坚年。 Wen: Right, I have said on many occasions that this year is "a year of reform." I said so for three reasons: First, to eliminate the destabilizing and unhealthy factors in the economy and to solidify the achievements of macro regulations will have to rely on reform. Second, to address the deeply rooted problems in the economy and achieve a restructured transformation of the economic growth pattern will rely on reform. Third, to realize social fairness and justice and build a harmonious society will also have to rely on reform. Reform is not a task for any single year. It is going to be a long-term task. And, in many cases with regard to reform, "sooner is better than later." Otherwise the problems will become too entrenched to unravel. For this year, there are five priorities in our reform. First, to restructure government bodies and to transform the functions of the government. Second, to promote State-owned enterprise reform, focusing on corporate governance and share-holding systems. Third, to promote financial reform, which is a critical and often problematic aspect of our economy and requires great efforts from us. Fourth, rural reform. Centring on reform of the rural taxes and administrative fees, the purpose is to change those elements in the superstructure in the rural area that are no longer consistent with the economic phase. And fifth, social security reform. We must step up the development of a social security system that is suitable for China's reality. This is a year of reform, but it is not only so. It is a year we are going to fight the toughest battle in the reform process. |
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俄通社－塔斯社记者： 听说今年下半年你要和俄罗斯总理会晤。中俄经贸合作，特别是能源合作前景如何？ ITAR-TASS: In the latter half of this year you are going to meet the Russian prime minister. Could you brief us on the latest development in economic co-operation and trade between China and Russia, especially in the energy sector? Any programmes? 温家宝： 中俄两国是有4000多公里共同边境线的友好邻邦。这些年来，中俄两国的关系处在历史上最好的时期。去年，我们确立了中俄战略协作伙伴关系的基本原则，制定了中俄睦邻友好条约的实施规划，提出了中俄贸易额2004年突破200亿美元，到2010年达600亿到800亿美元的目标。中俄还解决了历史遗留的边界问题。这些为中俄关系的发展奠定了基础。今年下半年，我要同俄罗斯总理进行两国总理间第十次会晤。我们将进一步研究中俄两国经贸合作，特别是能源合作问题。关于能源合作，我想着重谈三点：第一，中俄能源合作是两国友好合作关系的重要组成部分。第二，中俄的能源合作是平等互利的。第三，在能源合作问题上，我们已经达成了重要共识：一是通过铁路加大俄罗斯对中国的石油出口。2004年是900万吨，2005年要达到1000万吨，明年将达到1500万吨。二是俄罗斯政府和普京总统本人明确提出，修建西伯利亚油气管道，首先考虑通往中国。三是两国将在油气勘探与开发上加强合作。除此之外，我们还要在其他方面加强经济贸易合作。 Wen: China and Russia are friendly countries toward each other, sharing a border of 4,000 kilometres long. Over the years, the relationship between the two countries has grown better than ever before. Last year, the two countries identified principles for developing a strategic partnership of co-ordination. We worked out programmes on the implementation of the Sino-Russian Treaty on Good-Neighbourliness, Friendship and Co-operation, and set a goal for US$20 billion in trade by the end of this year. And this volume is to be further increased to between US$60-80 billion by 2010. China and Russia have solved a historical legacy on the boundary issue, laying a solid foundation for greater development of bilateral ties in the future. In the latter half of this year, I am going to meet the Russian prime minister for a 10th regular meeting. We are going to discuss further issues related to economic development and trade between the two countries, in particular energy co-operation. With regard to energy co-operation, I wish to make three points. First, energy co-operation between China and Russia is an important component to the overall friendly relationship between the two countries. Second, energy co-operation between our two countries is based on equality and mutual benefit. Third, there are already important agreements concerning energy co-operation. We have agreed to increase Russian oil exports to China through use of railways. The targets are 9 million tons for 2004, 10 million tons for 2005 and 15 million tons for next year. The Russian Government and President Putin have made it very clear that preference will be given to China when they build the Siberian oil gas pipeline. We have also targeted the possibility of co-operation in oil and gas development. In addition, efforts have been made in other areas of economic co-operation and trade. |
3楼2005-07-30 09:13:22
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香港明报记者： 中央一直希望香港稳定、繁荣，当前香港的经济已经转好了，社会已经稳定了，为什么中央现在会接受董建华先生的辞职呢？你对代理行政长官曾荫权有什么期望？ Ming Pao: The central government has all along hoped for stability and prosperity in Hong Kong. Now that the economy has picked up, society has been stabilized in Hong Kong. Why, at this moment, has the central government accepted the resignation of Mr Tung Chee-hwa? What are your expectations of the Acting Chief Executive Mr Donald Tsang? 温家宝： 董建华先生辞职是香港同胞十分关注的一件事情。正如你所说的，香港回归7年多，“一国两制”的方针在香港得到了切实贯彻。香港的资本主义制度没有改变，香港原有的法律基本没变，香港人的生活方式也没有改变。特别是香港克服了亚洲金融风波带来的困难，经济复苏，民生得到改善。在这种情况下，董先生出于健康的原因提出辞职，我认为是诚心诚意的，会得到香港同胞的理解和中央政府的尊重。董先生担任香港特别行政区行政长官7年多来，为贯彻“一国两制”方针和香港特别行政区基本法，保持香港的繁荣稳定，做了大量的、开创性的工作。董先生勤勤恳恳、任劳任怨、敢于承担，表现出对国家、对香港高度负责的精神。他所做出的努力和贡献，香港特别行政区同胞是不会忘记的。至于董先生辞职以后，新的行政长官的产生，那将完全按照香港特别行政区基本法和有关法律办事。我相信，香港人是有能力治理好香港的。中央对香港的“一国两制”、“港人治港”、高度自治的方针是坚定不移的，是会严格按照香港特别行政区基本法的规定办事的。在这个时候，我希望香港同胞和衷共济、共谋发展，把香港的各项工作做好，使香港更加繁荣和稳定。 Wen: I would like to thank you for your question. The resignation of Mr Tung Chee-hwa has been the focus of attention among compatriots in Hong Kong. As you said, in the past more than seven years since China resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong, the principle of "one country, two systems" has been implemented in real earnest. The capitalist system in Hong Kong has not changed, the law in Hong Kong has basically been intact, and the way of life there has been the same. In particular, I wish to point out that Hong Kong has overcome the difficulties brought about by the financial crisis and achieved economic recovery and a higher living standard for its people. Mr Tung has resigned for health reasons. I believe he has been sincere and he will win the understanding of people in Hong Kong and respect of the central government. In the past seven years, Mr Tung has done tremendous and creative work for the implementation of the principle of "one country, two systems," the Basic Law and for continuing the prosperity and stability in Hong Kong. He is hard-working, he has few complaints and he has the courage to take responsibility. He has demonstrated in his work a strong sense of responsibility to compatriots in Hong Kong and to the country. I believe history will treat him fairly for his efforts and contributions. I believe compatriots in Hong Kong shall never forget what he has done. After his resignation, the election of the new chief executive will proceed in strict accordance with the Basic Law and other laws in Hong Kong. I believe people in Hong Kong are fully capable of running Hong Kong well. The central government is steadfast on the principle of "one country, two systems," Hong Kong people administrating Hong Kong and a high degree of autonomy. We will strictly follow the Basic Law. At this moment I hope our compatriots in Hong Kong will work together with one accord for better development and I hope they will do an even better job for continuing the prosperity and stability in Hong Kong. |
2楼2005-07-30 09:12:58
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日本朝日新闻记者： 虽然中日两国之间人员交流、贸易量不断扩大，但有人说，中日关系先是“政治冷，经济热”，现在是“政治冷，经济也凉”，温总理怎么看？中方对日方有什么期待？ Asahi Shimbun: I have two questions. The first is about relations between China and Japan. When you answered the question asked by the Russian reporter, you described the relationship between China and Russia as better than ever in history. But talking about relations between China and Japan, despite the ever-expanding personnel exchanges and trade, people usually characterize our political relationship as cold, while the economic relationship is seen as hot. But recently the situation has changed to one where the political relationship is cold and even economic ties have cooled. What is your comment on such a situation? Moreover, what does China expect from Japan in order to solve these problems? My second question is about energy and the environment. The rapid development of China has brought about good opportunities to other countries, especially the neighbours. We are glad about it. However, there is also the question of sustainability of energy supplies and the environment. This is a particular concern for China's neighbours. What measures are you going to adopt to solve these problems? 温家宝： 中日关系是重要的双边关系。我们高兴地看到，中日邦交正常化以来，两国关系有了很大的发展，去年双边贸易额接近1700亿美元，双方人员往来超过400万人。中日关系也存在着障碍，这种障碍主要是在政治方面，其根本是日本如何正确对待历史问题。加强和改善中日关系，要在恪守中日间三个政治文件的基础上，遵循以下三个原则： 第一，以史为鉴，面向未来。今年是中国人民抗日战争胜利60周年。纪念这段历史，可以使我们回忆起战争给中国人民、亚洲人民以至日本人民带来的苦难，让历史的悲剧永远不再发生。我们希望日本方面也要把握这个机遇，促进中日友好。 第二，坚持一个中国原则。日美安全同盟是日美双方的事情，中国之所以关心是因为它涉及了台湾问题。台湾问题是中国的内政，不允许任何国家直接地或间接地干预。 第三，加强合作，共同发展。中日友好合作有很大的潜力，特别是在经贸方面，我们的目标是实现两国的共同发展。 我还想提出三点建议：一是积极创造条件，促进中日高层的互访。二是由双方的外交部门共同着手对加强中日友好进行战略性研究。三是妥善处理历史遗留问题。 Wen: The relationship with Japan is one of the most important bilateral relationships for China. We are pleased to see that after normalization of ties, the relationship between China and Japan has enjoyed tremendous development. Last year, our trade approached US$170 billion. People travelling back and forth between the two countries exceeded 4 million. But as you said, there are obstacles to this relationship, especially in the political field. The fundamental problem is that Japan should correctly view history. I would like to use this opportunity to propose three principles in order to strengthen and improve relations between China and Japan. In addition to the three documents governing the normalization of relations between the two countries, I believe our relationship should also follow the three principles I am going to elaborate. First, take history as a mirror and face forward to the future. This year marks the 60th anniversary of China's victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan (1937-45). This part of history reminds us of the untold sufferings the war brought to the people in China, in Asia and also in Japan. We hope Japan will seize this opportunity in order to promote friendship between China and Japan. Second, Japan should stick to the one-China principle. The security alliance between Japan and the United States is a bilateral matter between these two countries. Yet we are concerned in China because it is related to the question of Taiwan. The question of Taiwan is China's internal affair and it brooks no direct or indirect interference by any foreign forces. Third, we should strengthen co-operation for common development. Friendly co-operation between China and Japan has tremendous potential, especially in the fields of economic co-operation and trade. Our purpose of promoting such co-operation is for shared development. In addition, I also wish to make three suggestions. First, conditions should be created in order to promote high-level exchanges and visits. Second, the foreign ministries of the two countries should work together to launch strategic studies concerning ways and means to promote friendship between the two countries. And, third, the historical issue should be appropriately handled. |
4楼2005-07-30 09:13:47
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人民日报记者： 您在政府工作报告中指出，解决“三农”问题，仍然是全部工作的重中之重，并提出了明年全部免征农业税等具体措施。您认为怎样才能根本解决“三农”问题？有什么长远的打算？ People's Daily: My question is about agriculture, rural areas and farmers. I have noticed that in your report on the government's work, you said these three issues remain top priorities in all your work. And you have proposed specific measures to address these issues, including abolishing agricultural taxes by the end of next year. What do you think is the fundamental solution to these problems and the long-term plan? 温家宝： 我想起了诺贝尔奖获得者、美国经济学家舒尔茨的一句话。他说，世界上大多数人是贫穷的，所以如果我们懂得了穷人的经济学，也就懂得许多真正重要的经济学原理。世界上大多数穷人以农业为生。因而，如果我们懂得了农业，也就懂得了穷人的经济学。我不是经济学家，但我深知农业、农民和农村问题在中国的极端重要性。没有农村的小康，就不会有全国的小康；没有农村的现代化，就不会有全国的现代化。我们对中国农村的改革和发展是有长远考虑的，这可以划分为两个阶段：第一个阶段，就是实行家庭承包经营的基本经济制度，给农民生产经营的自主权，极大地解放了农村的生产力。第二个阶段，就是实行城市支持农村、工业反哺农业的方针，对农民“多予、少取、放活。”我们现在开始进入了第二个阶段。在第二个阶段我们要做好四件事：第一，推进以税费改革为主要内容的农村各项改革。第二，加强以农田水利设施建设和农业科技推广为主要内容的农业综合生产力建设。第三，发展农村教育、科技、文化、卫生等各项社会事业。第四，推进以村民自治、村级直接选举和村务公开、县乡政务公开为主要内容的农村基层民主建设。 Wen: Thank you. Your question has reminded me of remarks made by Nobel laureate economist Theodore Schultz. He said most of the people in the world are poor. So if we knew the economics of the poor, we would know much of the economics that really matter. Most of the world's poor people earn their living from agriculture. So if we knew the economics of agriculture, we would know much of the economics of being poor. I am no economist, but I am deeply aware of the paramount importance of agriculture, rural areas and farmers in China. Without moderate prosperity in the countryside, there will be no moderate prosperity for the whole country. Without modernization in the countryside, there will be no modernization for the whole country. I do have a long-term plan for rural reform and development. It has two phases. In the first phase, we introduced the basic economic system of a family contract responsibility system, which in essence was to give greater autonomy to the farmers in production and management. As a result, it has liberalized productivity in the countryside. In the second phase, we should make industry nurture agriculture and cities support the countryside. We should give more to, take less from and liberalize the countryside. I believe we have entered the second phase now. We must accomplish four jobs for the second phase. One is to promote rural reforms with rural tax and administrative fee reforms as the central task. Second, we should improve productivity in the countryside by building water conservancy projects and promoting wider applications of agriculture-related science and technology. Third, we should develop education, science, technology, culture and other social undertakings in the countryside. Fourth, we should promote primary-level democracy by ways of self-governance among villagers, direct elections at the village level and greater transparency in government affairs at the county and township levels. |
5楼2005-07-30 09:14:13
