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北京石油化工学院2026年研究生招生接收调剂公告
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超级老快

木虫之王 (文学泰斗)

[求助] 求汉译英三句话,谢谢大家!

1.分相玻璃的光散射特性是由于分相区与基质玻璃之间的折射率差引起的。光散射强度与分相颗粒的形状、大小及分布密度有关。当分相出来的孤立液滴相很小时,散射光中,蓝紫色光的强度大,占的比例高;当孤立液滴相尺寸较大时,呈现蓝白甚至乳白色的散射现象。

2.热处理温度的升高,有两个机制在同时起作用:从动力学因素考虑,温度愈高,玻璃粘度愈低,结构调整加快,分相速率增加,分相尺寸增大;从热力学角度考虑,温度愈高,其平衡态的混容程度愈大,即富硅铝相中的钛、镁和富钛镁相中的硅铝含量增加。由于热力学只研究与时间无关的平衡态,未考虑动力学条件,当受动力学因素限制,不能达到平衡态,只有温度达到一定极限时,动力学条件可使分相达到平衡态,玻璃分相程度最大,分相尺寸达到最大。

3.8.随着热处理时间的延长,玻璃分相倾向于平衡态,分相动力学可以很好地解释这种现象。玻璃分相的动力过程分为起伏-扩散-粗化三个主要阶段进行。分相开始的“起伏”阶段是:组成起伏幅度的不断增加,促使不均匀区核化和系统自由能暂时升高,而形成新相的过程。分相后的样品接着的“扩散”阶段是不均匀区生长到临界状态后,引起系统自由能降低的过程;第三个“粗化”阶段是小颗粒溶解、大颗粒长大的过程。粗化推动力来自表面积减小而造成系统自由能减小。因此,热处理保温时间越长,硅富集程度越大,分相越明显。

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超级老快: 金币+150, ★★★★★最佳答案 2016-12-05 19:50:44
1.分相玻璃的光散射特性是由于分相区与基质玻璃之间的折射率差引起的。光散射强度与分相颗粒的形状、大小及分布密度有关。当分相出来的孤立液滴相很小时,散射光中,蓝紫色光的强度大,占的比例高;当孤立液滴相尺寸较大时,呈现蓝白甚至乳白色的散射现象。
Light scattering character for glass with phase separation is due to difference in reflective index for bulk glass matrix and phase separated  regions. The extent of light scattering is related to the size, shape and distribution density of phase separated zones. When separated phase presents as well dispersed small droplets, the scattered light is intense and has disproportional blue-purple color. When the size of well dispersed droplets increases,  the scattered light has a blue-white color or even a cream color.

2. 热处理温度的升高,有两个机制在同时起作用:从动力学因素考虑,温度愈高,玻璃粘度愈低,结构调整加快,分相速率增加,分相尺寸增大;从热力学角度考虑,温度愈高,其平衡态的混容程度愈大,即富硅铝相中的钛、镁和富钛镁相中的硅铝含量增加。由于热力学只研究与时间无关的平衡态,未考虑动力学条件,当受动力学因素限制,不能达到平衡态,只有温度达到一定极限时,动力学条件可使分相达到平衡态,玻璃分相程度最大,分相尺寸达到最大。
As the  temperature is raised during heat treatment,two events occur simultaneously:kinetically, the viscosity decreases at higher temperature, which promotes faster structure reorganization and accelerates phase separation and increases the size of separated phase; thermodynamically, the higher temperature leads to better mixing at the equilibrium, that is the titanium and magnesium contents are higher in silicon-aluminum rich phase, same as the silicon-aluminum contents in titanium and magnesium-rich phase.  One however has to consider that thermodynamic only study idealized equilibrium status regardless how long it takes to reach the equilibrium, in reality, most systems can not reach  equilibrium status due to limitations imposed by kinetic  factors. Only when temperature reaches certain  threshold, phase separation can reach its equilibrium kinetically, when phase separation is completed and the size of separated phase reaches maximum.
3.8.随着热处理时间的延长,玻璃分相倾向于平衡态,分相动力学可以很好地解释这种现象。玻璃分相的动力过程分为起伏-扩散-粗化三个主要阶段进行。分相开始的“起伏”阶段是:组成起伏幅度的不断增加,促使不均匀区核化和系统自由能暂时升高,而形成新相的过程。分相后的样品接着的“扩散”阶段是不均匀区生长到临界状态后,引起系统自由能降低的过程;第三个“粗化”阶段是小颗粒溶解、大颗粒长大的过程。粗化推动力来自表面积减小而造成系统自由能减小。因此,热处理保温时间越长,硅富集程度越大,分相越明显。
As heating progresses, glass phase separation gradually approaches its equilibrium, which can be described kinetically as three main  stages: fluctuation, diffusion and coarsening.  At the fluctuation stage, the fluctuation in composition  steadily increases, which promotes heterogeneous regional nucleation accompanied with a temporally raise in free energy, eventually it  leads to new phase formation. The diffusion stage that follows the phase separation is the growth of heterogeneous regions till a critical point is reached, a process that accompanies with the fall of  free energy. The coarsening stage is a process when small granules start to merge into large granules, which is driven by the tendency to reduce the surface area to minimize  free energy. Therefore, the longer heating is, the greater extent for the silicon-enriched regions is, and more apparent phase separation it becomes.
离成功还差一点
2楼2016-12-05 19:32:50
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