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Rice (Oryza sativa L.), which is a critical food grain for a large portion of the world’s population, is frequently impacted by drought and cold , simultaneously, rice is highly susceptible to drought and cold . With the onset of drought and low temperature impairs, flowering time and heading date (HD) is delayed , leaf rolling or drying when suffer drought. Simultaneously, chlorophyll content (CC) of flag leaves at heading stage has higher leaf photosynthesis , increasing the CC in crops may be an effective way to increase biomass production and grain yield due to CC is positively correlated with photosynthetic rate . In addition, one key aspect of grain productivity in rice is seasonal and regional adaptability, which can be largely achieved by adjusting the optimal timing of heading . However, exposure to environmental conditions outside of acceptable tolerance ranges can negatively affect rice growth.
QTLs (quantitative trait locus) associate with HD , CC and leaf area (LA) has been reported using different populations, controlling CC and LA were mapped on common interval , a QTL region has also been reported to affect multiple traits such as leaf morphology and HD . In addition, some report confirmed that HD was associate with drought tolerance, such as, qFDN-3 and a QTL associate with flowering under drought were mapped on the common interval. Two QTLs, mrl9a and cisc(t) , were detected on an interval of chromosomes 9, and RM236, linkage with oa2.1 and qSDW2, which associate with cold tolerance and drought tolerance, respectively. Then, Cui (2003) and Andaya (2003) detected an interval, which associate with LA and cold tolerance. This shows that abiotic stress is a complex trait that is associated with morphological and physiological factors. HD is controlled by multiple genes and by environmental conditions , leaf morphology is a complex trait controlled by many QTLs and is greatly influenced by the environment . Hence traits of morphological and physiological are vulnerable to environments, different varieties or germplasm that different genetic backgrounds in multiple years for data analysis and QTL mapping studies can improve the accuracy and reliability.
Improved map resolution and coverage for rice would enhance map utilization and facilitate QTL analysis for marker-assisted selection (MAS). Given that accessions differ in their genetic composition, the analysis of similar traits in different populations derived from contrasting accessions enables us to sample the heritable variation and basis of a specific trait within a species. Hence, the objective of this study was to detect addition QTLs for HD, CC and LA in three consecutive years from two associated RIL populations. The QTLs detected in this study together with 339 previously reported QTLs collected from 28 maps were combined to perform a meta analysis. Our main objectives were to detect QTLs for HD, CC and LA based on cold and drought stress, and identify major and stable QTLs across different years, to identify MQTLs from the large number of reported QTLs and refine their positions, and to mine candidate genes from the MQTLs with small genetic and physical intervals, which may be helpful in marker-assisted selection (MAS). It is helpful for improving HD, CC and LA underlying cold and drought resistance for breeding rice varieties.

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专业: 作物栽培与耕作学

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