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一个合成GQDs的方法里， Preparation: GO sheets were prepared from natural graphite powder by a modified Hummers method [28,29]. GSs were obtained by thermal deoxidization of GO sheets in a tube furnace at 200–300 8C for 2 h with a heating rate of 5 8C min1 in a nitrogen atmosphere. GSs (0.05 g) were oxidized in concentrated H2SO4 (10 mL) and HNO3 (30 mL) for 15–20 h under mild ultrasonication (500 W, 40 kHz). The mixture was then diluted with deionized (DI) water (250 mL) and filtered through a 0.22-mm microporous membrane to remove the acids. Purified oxidized GSs (0.2 g) were re-dispersed in DI water (40 mL) and the pH was tuned to 8 with NaOH. The suspension was transferred to a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (Teflon)-lined autoclave (50 mL) and heated at 200 8C for 10 h. After cooling to room temperature, the resulting black suspension was filtered through a 0.22-mm microporous membrane and a brown filter solution (yield ca. 22%) was separated. The colloidal solution still contained some large graphene nanoparticles (50–200 nm) that emitted weak blue fluorescence. So, the colloidal solution was further dialyzed in a dialysis bag (retained molecular weight: 3500 Da) overnight and GQDs that were strongly fluorescent through the bag were obtained with a yield of ca. 5%. So, the colloidal solution was further dialyzed in a dialysis bag (retained molecular weight: 3500 Da) overnight 。这儿说的透析用到的是什么东西呀，有其它的可以替代的操作吗？ |
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