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[资源] 【ebook】Physics-Solid-State-Lasers

Physics-Solid-State-Lasers

Contents
Preface ....................................................................................................................... v
Introduction ............................................................................................................. vii
Chapter 1
Solid-state chromium lasers in free lasing regime ........... 1
1.1 SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIVE MEDIA ON
CHROMIUM IONS .......................................................................................... 1
1.2 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS OF EXAMINING FREE LASING PARAMETERS
...................................................................................................... 2
1.2.1 Experimental equipment ................................................................................ 2
1.2.2 Methods of eliminating technical perturbations of the resonator of a pulse
solid-state laser .................................................................................................. 3
1.2.3 Methods of producing quasi-stationary lasing ............................................. 6
1.2.4 The methods of selection wavelength tuning of the radiation wave ........... 9
1.3 RUBY LASERS ................................................................................................ 10
1.3.1 Spectral–time characteristics of free lasing TEMooq in a laser with flat
mirrors .............................................................................................................. 11
1.3.2 Single-frequency adjustable quasistationary lasing in a laser with flat
mirrors .............................................................................................................. 16
1.3.3 Energy parameters of lasing ........................................................................ 18
1.3.4 Lasing parameters of TEMmnq modes in a laser with spherical mirrors
19
1.4 ALEXANDRITE LASERS .............................................................................. 26
1.4.1 Spectral–time lasing parameters ................................................................. 27
1.4.2 Energy parameters of lasing ........................................................................ 30
1.5 Emerald lasers .................................................................................................. 32
1.6 CHROMIUM LASERS IN RARE-EARTH–GALLIUM GARNETS........ 36
1.6.1 Spectral–time parameters of lasing ............................................................. 37
1.6.2 Energy parameters of lasing ........................................................................ 39
1.7 LASER ON CHROMIUM IONS IN A CRYSTAL OF POTASSIUMSCANDIUM
TUNGSTATE............................................................................ 40
1.7.1 Spectral and energy parameters of lasing .................................................. 41
i i
1.8 OPTIMISATION OF THE ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS OF RADIATION
OF CHROMIUM LASERS ................................................................ 42
Chapter 2 ................................................................................................................. 45
Solid-state neodymium lasers in free lasing
regime ............................................................... 45
2.1 SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIVE MEDIA ON
NEODYMIUM IONS ..................................................................................... 45
2.2 NEODYMIUM GLASS LASERS .................................................................. 46
2.2.1 Spectral–time lasing parameters ................................................................. 49
2.2.2 Energy parameters of lasing ........................................................................ 51
2.3 ND:YAG LASERS............................................................................................ 52
2.3.1 Spectral–time parameters of free lasing in pulsed regime ....................... 53
2.3.2 Energy parameters of lasing in pulsed regime ........................................... 57
2.3.3 Spectral–time and energy characteristics of lasing in continuous regime58
2.4 ND LASERS ON GADOLINIUM–SCANDIUM–GALLIUM GARNET
WITH CHROMIUM ...................................................................................... 62
2.4.1 Spectral–time characteristics of radiation ................................................. 64
2.4.2 Energy parameters of lasing ........................................................................ 66
2.5 ND-DOPED LANTHANUM BERYLLATE LASERS ................................. 67
2.5.1 Spectral–time parameters of lasing ............................................................. 67
2.5.2 Energy parameters of lasing ........................................................................ 69
2.6 ND LASERS IN HEXA-ALUMINATES OF LANTHANUM-MAGNESIUM
AND LANTHANUM–BERYLLIUM ................................................ 70
2.6.1 Spectral and time parameters of lasing ...................................................... 71
2.6.2 Energy parameters of lasing ........................................................................ 72
2.7 ND LASERS ON POTASSIUM–GADOLINIUM AND POTASSIUM–
YTTRIUM TUNGSTATES ............................................................................ 73
2.7.1 Spectral–time parameters of lasing ............................................................. 74
2.7.2 Energy parameters of lasing ........................................................................ 77
2.8 ND LASERS ON SELF-ACTIVATED CRYSTALS ..................................... 77
2.9 OPTIMISATION OF THE ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS OF RADIATION
OF PULSED ND LASERS .................................................................. 79
2.10 PROBLEM OF NON-ATTENUATING PULSATIONS OF RADIATION
IN SOLID-STATE LASERS........................................................................... 80
Chapter 3 ................................................................................................................. 83
Generation of powerful single-frequency giant
radiation pulses in solid-state lasers ............. 83
3.1 METHODS OF PRODUCING SINGLE-FREQUENCY LASING IN
LASERS WITH Q-FACTOR MODULATION ........................................... 83
3.2 POWERFUL SINGLE-FREQUENCY TUNABLE RUBY LASER WITH
INJECTION OF THE EXTERNAL SIGNAL ............................................. 85
iii
3.3 POWERFUL SINGLE-FREQUENCY TUNABLE ND-DOPED LASERS
WITH INJECTION OF THE EXTERNAL SIGNAL ................................ 89
3.4 SINGLE-FREQUENCY TUNABLE ND LASERS WITH PASSIVE QMODULATION...............................................................................................
92
3.4.1 Energy and spectral characteristics of radiation ....................................... 93
3.5 SINGLE-FREQUENCY TUNABLE ALEXANDRITE LASER WITH
PASSIVE Q-MODULATION ........................................................................ 94
3.5.1 Experimental equipment .............................................................................. 96
3.5.2 Spectral–time and energy parameters of lasing ........................................ 98
Chapter 4 ............................................................................................................... 100
Lasing of stable supershort radiation pulses in
solid-state lasers ............................................ 100
4.1 METHODS OF PRODUCTION OF STABLE SUPERSHORT RADIATION
PULSES............................................................................................... 102
4.1.1 The method of decreasing the number of lasing modes .......................... 103
4.1.2 The method of injection of the external signal ......................................... 103
4.1.3 The method of the regime of the second threshold .................................. 103
4.1.4 The method of the self-stabilisation regime .............................................. 104
4.1.5 The method of introducing additional losses ............................................ 105
4.2 LASING OF STABLE SUPERSHORT PULSES OF RADIATION BY THE
METHOD OF INJECTION OF THE EXTERNAL SIGNAL................. 105
4.3 LASING OF STABLE SUPERSHORT RADIATION PULSES BY THE
METHOD OF INTRODUCING INTRA-RESONATOR LOSSES ......... 108
4.3.1 Experimental equipment ............................................................................ 109
4.3.2 Parameters of supershort radiation pulses ................................................111
CHAPTER 5 ......................................................................................................... 115
Increasing the lasing efficiency of.................... 115
solid-state lasers ............................................. 115
5.1 INCREASING PUMPING EFFICIENCY .................................................. 116
5.1.1 Selective pumping of the active medium ................................................... 117
5.1.2 Laser pumping ............................................................................................. 118
5.1.3 Laser diode pumping .................................................................................. 118
5.2 INCREASING THE CONCENTRATION OF IMPURITY ACTIVE IONS
120
5.3 SENSITISING OF LASER SOLID-STATE MEDIA ................................. 121
5.4 CROSS RELAXATION AND STEPPED SYSTEMS OF PUMPING
LASER TRANSITIONS ............................................................................... 123
5.5 LOW-THRESHOLD SOLID-STATE MEDIA ........................................... 125
5.6 EXPANDING THE SPECTRAL RANGE OF LASING............................ 126
5.7 INCREASING THE BEAM STRENGTH OF SOLID-STATE MEDIA . 127
iv
5.8 NEW OPTICAL CIRCUITS OF SOLID-STATE LASERS ...................... 128
Chapter 6 ............................................................................................................... 130
Principles of lasing of solid-state lasers .......... 130
6.1 QUANTUM KINETIC EQUATION FOR THE DENSITY MATRIX .... 130
6.2 EQUATIONS FOR THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD....................... 133
6.3 MODELLING OF LASER SYSTEMS........................................................ 134
6.4 FREE LASING ............................................................................................... 139
6.5 THE GIANT PULSE REGIME ................................................................... 142
Chapter 7 ............................................................................................................... 145
Stochastic and transition processes in solid-state
lasers ............................................................... 145
7.1 STATISTICAL MODELLING OF LASING .............................................. 145
7.2 INITIAL AND NON-LINEAR STAGES OF THE LASING PROCESS . 148
7.3 ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LASING CONDITIONS
AND FLUCTUATIONS OF THE DURATION OF THE TRANSITION
PROCESS ....................................................................................... 150
7.4 THE STATISTICAL MODEL OF THE EXCITATION OF LASING IN
THE ABSENCE OF INITIAL THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM 153
7.5 TRANSITION PROCESSES AT SLOW CHANGES OF THE LASING
PARAMETERS ............................................................................................. 156
Index ...................................................................................................................... 165

In the book, attention is given to the processes of interaction of coherent
radiation with solids, the physical relationships governing the generation
of laser radiation in dielectric crystals and glasses, activated by
luminescent admixtures. Because of their compact form, longevity,
and a large number of radiation parameters, solid-state lasers on crystals
and glass are used most widely in science and technology in comparison
with other types of laser. The most attractive feature of the solidstate
lasers as sources of coherent radiation, is the large variety of
the lasing conditions, with the typical features including the different
conditions of free lasing, passive and active synchronisation of modes,
the giant pulse regime. Because of the influence of nonlinear selfeffect
of radiation, additional nonlinear-optical elements in laser resonators
make it possible to control the lasing parameters, including the realisation
of new lasing conditions. The expansion of the sphere of application
of the solid-state lasers is associated with both the improvement of
the technology of formation of new solid-state active media and with
the development of new highly efficient methods of controlling laser
radiation.
In the monograph, we examine in detail the problem of selforganisation
of the radiation of solid-state lasers, describe the theoretical
fundamentals of simulation of stochastic processes in the interaction
of coherent electromagnetic radiation with the solid, and the principles
of statistical nonlinear lasing dynamics. The physical mechanisms
of the methods of controlling the radiation of solid-state lasers in
the free lasing and giant pulse conditions are described, together with
the method of synchronisation of pulses, stabilisation and optimisation
of the parameters of solid-state lasers in order to produce powerful
monochromatic radiation with adjustable frequency.
The examined general relationships of the physics of solid-state
lasers are illustrated by the results of a large number of investigations
of the spectral-time, angular and energy characteristics of lasing of
lasers on chromium ions in ruby, alexandrite, gadolinium–scandium–
vi
gallium garnet, neodymium ions in silicate and phosphate glass, in
crystals of yttrium–aluminium garnet, gadolinium–scandium–gallium
garnet with chromium, lanthanum beryllate, potassium–gadolinium
tungstate and in a number of other solid-state media. The systematisation
and generalisation in this monograph of the very large, often unique
experimental material for the physics of solid-state lasers is of
fundamental importance for the development of new laser and information
technologies.
The book is intended for a wide range of experts working in the
area of nonlinear optics, quantum electronics, solid-state physics, surface
physics, micro- and nanoelectronics, informatics, for engineers and
technologists working in the development and production of appropriate
technologies, and for graduates and students of these disciplines.

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