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[资源] MATLAB编程(第二版)-经典教程.pdf

MATLAB编程(第二版)-菜鸟入门教材.pdf



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目录：
第一章 MATLAB 介绍..........................................................1
1.1 MATLAB 的优点...............................................................................................................1
1. 易用性..........................................................................................................................1
2. 平台独立性..................................................................................................................1
3. 预定义函数..................................................................................................................1
4. 机制独立的画图..........................................................................................................2
5. 用户图形界面..............................................................................................................2
6. MATLAB 编译器.........................................................................................................2
1.2 MATLAB 的缺点...............................................................................................................2
1.3 MATLAB 的开发环境.......................................................................................................2
1.3.1 MATLAB 桌面........................................................................................................2
1.3.2 命令窗口（TheCommandWindow） ....................................................................3
1.3.3 历史命令窗口（The History Command Window）..............................................4
1.3.4 启动平台（the launch pad）..................................................................................5
1.3.5 编辑调试器.............................................................................................................5
1.3.6 图像窗口（Figure Windows） ..............................................................................6
1.3.7 MATLAB 工作区....................................................................................................6
1.3.8 工作区浏览器.........................................................................................................7
1.3.9 MATLAB 帮助........................................................................................................8
1.3.10 一些重要的命令...................................................................................................9
1.3.11 MATLAB 搜索路径.............................................................................................10
1.4 把MATLAB 当作便笺薄来使用...................................................................................11
测试1.1...........................................................................................................................12
1.5 总结..................................................................................................................................12
1.5.1 MATLAB 总结......................................................................................................13
1.6 练习..................................................................................................................................13
第二章 MATLAB 基础........................................................ 15
2.1 变量和数组......................................................................................................................15
2.2 MATLAB 变量的初始化.................................................................................................17
2.2.1 用赋值语句初始化变量.......................................................................................17
2.2.2 用捷径表达式赋值...............................................................................................19
2.2.3 用内置函数来初始化...........................................................................................19
2.2.4 用关键字input 初始化变量.................................................................................20
测试2.1...........................................................................................................................20
2.3 多维数组..........................................................................................................................21
2.3.1 多维数组在内存中的存储...................................................................................22
2.3.1 用单个下标访问多标数组...................................................................................22
2.4 子数组..............................................................................................................................23
2.4.1 end 函数.................................................................................................................23
2.4.2 子数组在左边的赋值语句的使用.......................................................................24
2.4.3 用一标量来给子数组赋值...................................................................................25
2.5 特殊变量..........................................................................................................................25
测试2.2...........................................................................................................................26
2.6 显示输出数据..................................................................................................................26
2.6.1 改变默认格式.......................................................................................................27
2.6.2 disp 函数................................................................................................................27
2.6.3 用fprintf 函数格式化输出数据...........................................................................28
2.7 数据文件..........................................................................................................................28
测试2.3...........................................................................................................................29
2.8 标量运算和数组运算......................................................................................................30
2.8.1 标量运算符...........................................................................................................30
2.8.2 数组运算和矩阵运算...........................................................................................30
例2.1...............................................................................................................................32
2.9 运算的优先级..................................................................................................................33
例2.2...............................................................................................................................33
测试2.4...........................................................................................................................34
2.10 MATLAB 的内建函数...................................................................................................34
2.10.1 选择性结果.........................................................................................................34
2.10.2 带数组输入的MATLAB 函数的应用...............................................................34
2.10.3 常见的MATLAB 函数......................................................................................35
2.11 画图入门........................................................................................................................35
2.11.1 简单的xy 画图...................................................................................................36
2.11.2 打印图象.............................................................................................................37
2.11.3 联合作图.............................................................................................................37
2.11.4 线的颜色,线的形式,符号形式和图例...............................................................38
2.11.5 对数尺度.............................................................................................................40
2.12 例子................................................................................................................................41
例2.3...............................................................................................................................41
例2.4...............................................................................................................................42
例2.5...............................................................................................................................44
2.13 调试MATLAB 程序.....................................................................................................46
2.14 总结................................................................................................................................47
2.14.1 好的编程习惯总结.............................................................................................47
2.14.2 MATLAB 总结....................................................................................................48
2.15 练习................................................................................................................................50
第三章 分支语句和编程设计................................................. 53
3.1 自上而下的编程方法简介..............................................................................................53
3.2 伪代码的应用...................................................................................................................56
3.3 关系运算符和逻辑运算符..............................................................................................56
3.3.1 关系运算符...........................................................................................................56
3.3.2 小心==和~=运算符..............................................................................................57
3.3.3 逻辑运算符...........................................................................................................58
例3.1...............................................................................................................................59
3.3.4 逻辑函数...............................................................................................................59
测试3.1...........................................................................................................................60
3.4 选择结构(分支语句) .......................................................................................................60
3.4.1 if 结构....................................................................................................................60
3.4.2 if 结构举例............................................................................................................62
例3.2...............................................................................................................................62
例3.3...............................................................................................................................64
3.4.3 关于if 结构使用的注意事项..............................................................................66
例3.4...............................................................................................................................67
3.4.4 switch 结构............................................................................................................68
3.4.5 try/catch 结构的应用.............................................................................................69
测试3.2...........................................................................................................................70
3.5 附加的画图特性..............................................................................................................70
3.5.1 控制x，y 轴绘图的上下限.................................................................................70
3.5.2 在同一坐标系内画出多个图象...........................................................................73
3.5.3 创建多个图象.......................................................................................................73
3.5.4 子图象...................................................................................................................74
3.5.5 对画线的增强控制...............................................................................................75
3.5.6 文本字符串的高级控制.......................................................................................76
3.5.7 极坐标图象............................................................................................................77
例3.5...............................................................................................................................77
例3.6...............................................................................................................................79
例3.7...............................................................................................................................80
3.5.8 注释并保存图象...................................................................................................82
测试3.3...........................................................................................................................84
3.6 程序调试的进一步说明..................................................................................................84
3.7 总结..................................................................................................................................87
3.7.1 好的编程习惯的总结...........................................................................................88
3.7.2 MATLAB 总结......................................................................................................88
3.8 练习..................................................................................................................................88
第四章 循环结构................................................................ 91
4.1 while 循环.........................................................................................................................91
例4.1...............................................................................................................................91
4.2 for 循环.............................................................................................................................95
例4.2...............................................................................................................................96
例4.3...............................................................................................................................96
例4.4...............................................................................................................................99
4.2.1 运算的细节.........................................................................................................100
例4.5.............................................................................................................................101
4.2.2 break 和continue 语句........................................................................................102
4.2.3 循环嵌套.............................................................................................................103
4.3 逻辑数组与向量化........................................................................................................104
4.3.1 逻辑数组的重要性.............................................................................................105
例4.6.............................................................................................................................106
4.3.2 用if/else 结构和逻辑数组创建等式.................................................................107
测试4.1.........................................................................................................................108
4.4 附加例子........................................................................................................................109
例4.7.............................................................................................................................109
例4.8.............................................................................................................................114
4.5 总结................................................................................................................................120
4.5.1 好的编程习惯总结.............................................................................................120
4.5.2 MATLAB 总结....................................................................................................120
4.6 练习................................................................................................................................120
第五章 自定义函数........................................................... 127
5.1 MATLAB 函数简介.......................................................................................................128
5.2 在MATLAB 中传递变量：按值传递机制..................................................................132
例5.2 数据排序............................................................................................................136
5.3 选择性参数....................................................................................................................140
例5.3 选择性参数的应用...........................................................................................141
测试5.1.........................................................................................................................142
5.4 用全局内存分享数据....................................................................................................143
5.5 在函数调用两次之间本地数据的存储........................................................................148
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iv ｜ 目录
5.6 函数的函数(function functions)，................................................................................152
5.7 子函数和私有函数........................................................................................................155
5.8 总结................................................................................................................................156
5.9 练习................................................................................................................................156
第六章 复数数据、字符数据和附加画图类型......................... 165
6.1 复数数据........................................................................................................................165
6.1.1 复变量（complex variables）............................................................................166
6.1.2 带有关系运算符的复数的应用.........................................................................166
6.1.3 复函数（complex function）.............................................................................166
1. 类型转换函数..........................................................................................................167
2. 绝对值和幅角函数..................................................................................................167
3. 数学函数..................................................................................................................167
例6.1.............................................................................................................................167
6.1.4 复数数据的作图.................................................................................................169
6.2 字符串函数（string functions）...................................................................................173
6.2.1 字符转换函数.....................................................................................................173
6.2.2 创建二维字符数组.............................................................................................174
6.2.3 字符串的连接.....................................................................................................174
6.2.4 字符串的比较.....................................................................................................175
6.2.5 在一个字符串中查找/替换字符........................................................................176
6.2.6 大小写转换.........................................................................................................177
6.2.7 字符串转换为数字.............................................................................................178
6.2.8 数字转化为字符串.............................................................................................178
6.2.9 总结.....................................................................................................................179
例6.2.............................................................................................................................180
6.3 多维数组........................................................................................................................183
6.4 关于二维作图的补充说明............................................................................................185
6.4.1 二维作图的附加类型.........................................................................................185
6.4.2 作图函数.............................................................................................................189
6.4.3 柱状图.................................................................................................................190
6.5 三维作图........................................................................................................................191
6.5.1 三维曲线作图.....................................................................................................191
6.5.2 三维表面，网格，等高线图象..........................................................................193
6.6 总结................................................................................................................................196
6.6.1 好的编程习惯总结.............................................................................................196
6.6.2 MATLAB 函数与命令总结................................................................................196
6.7 练习................................................................................................................................197
第七章 稀疏矩阵 单元阵列 结构........................................ 199
7.1 稀疏矩阵........................................................................................................................199
7.1.1 sparse 数据类型...................................................................................................200
例7.1.............................................................................................................................202
7.2 单元阵列(cell array) ......................................................................................................204
7.2.1 创建单元阵列.....................................................................................................205
7.2.2 单元创建者——大括号({})的应用..................................................................206
7.2.3 查看单元阵列的内容.........................................................................................206
7.2.4 对单元阵列进行扩展.........................................................................................207
7.2.5 删除阵列中的元素.............................................................................................208
7.2.6 单元阵列数据的应用.........................................................................................208
7.2.7 字符串单元阵列.................................................................................................209
7.2.8 单元阵列的重要性.............................................................................................209
7.2.9 单元阵列函数总结.............................................................................................212
7.3 结构数组........................................................................................................................212
7.3.2 增加域到结构.....................................................................................................214
7.3.3 删除结构中的域.................................................................................................214
7.3.4 结构数组中数组的应用.....................................................................................215
7.3.5 函数getfield 和函数setfield..............................................................................216
7.3.6 对结构数组应用size 函数.................................................................................217
7.3.7 结构的嵌套.........................................................................................................217
7.3.8 struct 函数总结....................................................................................................218
测试7.1.........................................................................................................................218
7.4 总结................................................................................................................................219
7.4.1 好的编程习惯总结.............................................................................................219
7.4.2 MATLAB 函数命令总结....................................................................................219
7.5 练习................................................................................................................................220
第八章 输入/输出函数...................................................... 221
8.1 函数textread..................................................................................................................221
8.2 关于load 和save 命令的进一步说明..........................................................................222
8.3 MATLAB 文件过程简介...............................................................................................223
8.4 文件的打开与关闭........................................................................................................224
8.4.1 fopen 函数............................................................................................................224
8.4.2 fclose 函数...........................................................................................................226
8.5 二进制I/O 函数............................................................................................................226
8.5.1 fwrite 函数...........................................................................................................226
8.5.2 fread 函数............................................................................................................227
例8.1 读写二进制数据...............................................................................................228
测试8.1.........................................................................................................................229
8.6 格式化I/O 函数............................................................................................................229
8.6.1 fprint 函数............................................................................................................229
8.6.2 格式转换指定符的理解.....................................................................................231
8.6.3 如何使用格式字符串.........................................................................................232
例8.2 产生一个信息表...............................................................................................233
8.6.4 fscanf 函数...........................................................................................................234
8.6.5 fgetl 函数.............................................................................................................235
8.6.6 fgets 函数.............................................................................................................235
8.7 格式化和二进制I/O 函数的比较.................................................................................236
例8.3 格式化和二进制I/O 文件的比较....................................................................236
测试8.2.........................................................................................................................239
8.8 文件位置和状态函数....................................................................................................239
8.8.1 exist 函数.............................................................................................................239
例8.4 打开一个输出文件...........................................................................................240
8.8.2 函数ferror...........................................................................................................241
8.8.3 函数foef .............................................................................................................241
8.8.4 函数ftell .............................................................................................................242
8.8.5 函数frewind .......................................................................................................242
8.8.6 函数fseek ...........................................................................................................242
例8.5.............................................................................................................................242
8.9 函数uiimport.................................................................................................................246
8.10 总结..............................................................................................................................248
8.10.1 好的编程习惯总结...........................................................................................248
8.10.2 MATLAB 总结..................................................................................................248
8.11 练习..............................................................................................................................249
第九章 句柄图形.............................................................. 251
9.1 MATLAB 图形系统.......................................................................................................251
9.2 对象句柄........................................................................................................................252
9.3 对象属性的检测和更....................................................................................................252
9.3.1 在创建对象时改变对象的属性..........................................................................252
9.3.2 对象创建后改变对象的属性.............................................................................252
例9.1.............................................................................................................................256
9.4 用set 函数列出可能属性值.........................................................................................259
9.5 自定义数据....................................................................................................................259
9.6 对象查找........................................................................................................................260
9.7 用鼠标选择对象............................................................................................................261
例9.2.............................................................................................................................262
9.8 位置和单位....................................................................................................................264
9.8.1 图象(figure)对象的位置.....................................................................................264
9.8.2 坐标系对象和uicontrol 对象的位置.................................................................265
9.8.3 文本(text)对象的位置........................................................................................265
例9.3.............................................................................................................................265
9.9 打印位置........................................................................................................................268
9.10 默认和factory 属性....................................................................................................268
9.11 图形对象属性..............................................................................................................269
9.12 总结..............................................................................................................................269
9.13 练习..............................................................................................................................270
第十章 用户图形界面........................................................ 271
10.1 用户界形界面是如何工作的......................................................................................271
10.2 创建并显示用记图形界面..........................................................................................271
10.2.1 盖头下的一瞥...................................................................................................279
10.2.2 一个响应子函数的结构...................................................................................281
10.2.3 给图象增加应用程序数据...............................................................................281
10.2.4 一些有用的函数...............................................................................................282
10.3 对象属性......................................................................................................................282
10.4 图形用户界面组件......................................................................................................283
10.4.1 文本域(Text Fields) ..........................................................................................284
10.4.2 编辑框(Edit Boxes) ..........................................................................................284
10.4.3 框架(Frames) ....................................................................................................285
10.4.4 按钮(Pushbuttons).............................................................................................285
10.4.5 开关按钮(Toggle Buttons)................................................................................285
10.4.6 复选和单选按钮(Checkboxes and Radio Buttons) ..........................................286
10.4.7 下拉菜单(Popup Menus) ..................................................................................288
10.4.8 列表框(List Boxes)...........................................................................................289
10.4.9 滑动条(Sliders) .................................................................................................291
例10.1...........................................................................................................................292
10.5 对话框..........................................................................................................................294
10.5.1 错误和警告对话框...........................................................................................294
10.5.2 输入对话框.......................................................................................................295
10.5.3 打开与保存对话框...........................................................................................295
10.6 菜单..............................................................................................................................296
10.6.1 禁用默认菜单...................................................................................................298
10.6.2 创建自定义菜单...............................................................................................299
10.6.3 加速键与键盘助记键.......................................................................................299
10.6.4 创建上下文菜单...............................................................................................300
例10.2 绘制数据点.....................................................................................................300
测试10.1.......................................................................................................................304
10.7 创建高效GUIs 的技巧...............................................................................................304
10.7.1 工具提示...........................................................................................................305
10.7.2 伪代码（p 码，pcode） ..................................................................................305
10.7.3 附加提高...........................................................................................................305
例10.3...........................................................................................................................306
10.8 总结..............................................................................................................................309
10.8.1 好的编程习惯总结...........................................................................................310
10.8.2 MATLAB 总结.................................................................................................310
10.9 练习..............................................................................................................................310
附录A ASCII 字符集........................................................ 313
附录B 测试答案.............................................................. 314
测试1.1.................................................................................................................................314
测试2.1.................................................................................................................................315
测试2.2.................................................................................................................................315
测试2.3.................................................................................................................................315
测试2.4.................................................................................................................................316
测试3.1.................................................................................................................................316
测试3.2.................................................................................................................................317
测试3.3.................................................................................................................................317
测试4.1.................................................................................................................................318
测试5.1.................................................................................................................................318
测试6.1.................................................................................................................................319
测试7.1.................................................................................................................................319
测试8.1.................................................................................................................................320
测试8.2.................................................................................................................................321
测试10.1...............................................................................................................................322
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