Many people all over the world enjoy an alcoholic drink, such as wine or beer, during dinner. Many people raise a glass of alcohol to celebrate a (1) or a birthday. And having drinks after work with friends and co-workers is called “happy hour.” And I’m sure many people are celebrating World Cup victories with a glass of beer.
All these situations are considered “social drinking” because they happen at social events.
But when does “social drinking” become problem drinking?
According to the World Health Organization alcohol (2) kills 3.3 million people each year. That is six percent of all deaths around the world.
And in a new report on alcohol use around the world, the WHO says alcohol can create dependency, or (3) , in some people. The report also warns that alcohol use can increase the risk of developing more than 200 diseases, including some kinds of cancers. And, the WHO says alcohol abuse can put people at greater risk of infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, pneumonia and HIV.
WHO Mental Health and Substance Abuse Director Shekhar Saxena says the organization is concerned about drinking among young people between the ages 15 and 19. And it is most concerned about “binge-drinking,” or an (4) period of heavy drinking.
"The report concludes that worldwide 16 percent of drinkers over the age of 15 engage in binge-drinking, which is much more (5) than other kind of drinking ... which causes the most harm in terms of accidents, self-harm and harm to others. High income countries have the highest alcohol per capita consumption and also the highest prevalence of binge-drinking.”
The report warns of a few other worrying trends. For example, women should take special note.
The report warns that more women are drinking alcohol. And, the report says women are (6) than men for some alcohol-related health conditions.
The report also found that the highest rates of alcohol-linked deaths are in Europe, followed by the West Pacific and then the Americas. The report also finds Europe is the area with the highest alcohol use. Central and Eastern Europe are especially high.
The WHO says people in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, and some neighboring countries drink a lot of alcohol and binge drink.
Vladimir Poznyak is the WHO Management of Substance Abuse Coordinator. He says less alcohol is used in Africa than in Europe. But, he adds, the health effects are worse in Africa because of (7) , what he calls, buffering factors -- things like social support systems and health care.
“The difference is that in African region as well as in other countries with less resources, the consumption of alcohol brings more harm to health and to social relationship because of (8) buffering factors, which are often like social support, like access to health care services. This is what is lacking.”
The World Health Organization (9) ways countries can protect people from alcohol abuse. These include increasing (10) on alcohol sales, raising the drinking age limit, and controlling the marketing of alcoholic beverages.
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1 military
2 Ultimately
3 territory
4 religious
5 violence
6 promote
7 crisis
8 former
9 continued
10 she added that the center likely does not contain chemical weapons of military value
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统计一下：硕士毕业答辩后的谢师宴是学生出钱，还是老师出钱？
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