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[资源] 英文书籍分享《Photocatalysis and Water Purification》Wiley-VCH2013

Thousands of articles, patents, and reviews have appeared about heterogeneous photocatalysis using semiconductors, mainly TiO2. Among them, many deal with the purification of water, which is obviously a very important problem for our environment and poses a challenge. Because of this abundance of publications, it is very difficult even for the experts to get a clear view of ‘‘photocatalysis and water purification’’. In my opinion, this book – which gathers reviews from eminent scientists with a long experience in the field – will allow the readers to gain the general view they expect. The knowledge on the fundamentals is integrated with the potential implementation of photocatalytic water purification using UV lamps or solar light. To that end, this book is structured in four sections with a total of 14 chapters.
The three opening papers explore the fundamentals. Chapter 1 focuses on the active species, especially the oxygen species, which follow the excitation of the photocatalyst by band gap irradiation, and provides information on the roles of these species. Chapter 2 identifies the degradation pathways of organic pollutants and indicates how these pathways are influenced by the pollutant molecular structure, the photocatalyst, and irradiation characteristics. Dealing also with pathways, Chapter 3 presents a synthetic and critical view of the kinetic models and shows how the effects of various parameters can be rationalized.
Improving the photocatalytic efficacy is obviously an extremely important question that is addressed in Chapters 4–9. Understanding how the diverse characteristics of the photocatalyst intervene and whether these characteristics can be tailored to increase the efficacy is considered in Chapters 4 and 5. On the basis of a critical appraisal of the present knowledge it is concluded in Chapter 4 that it is, unfortunately, premature to indicate uncontestable guidance for photocatalyst design. Chapter 5 discusses in detail the various ways by which the photocatalyst can be modified. The use of composite materials is also taken into account. The conclusion is similar to that of Chapter 4. As the photocatalyst is in practice rarely dispersed in the water to be treated, Chapter 6 covers the main methods used to immobilize the photocatalyst and details the nature, shapes, and advantages and disadvantages of the supporting materials. Chapter 7 focuses on the interest of TiO2 thin films and gives examples of the types of reactors in which they can be employed; some of the means allowing one to make these films sensitive in the visible region of the solar spectrum are also discussed. Chapter 8 provides a detailed and critical review of all the methodologies utilized for visible-light sensitization of photocatalysts and indicates how to properly evaluate the results. Finally, as the recombination of the photoproduced charge carriers is the main flaw of heterogeneous photocatalysis, there is also the possibility to effect the separation of these charge carriers by use of an applied potential. Chapter 9 reports on this technique, called photoelectrocatalysis, and concludes that the design of reactors needs further progress to achieve effective water purification.
Most studies regarding water photocatalytic purification refer to both organic pollutants representative of the different categories of organic compounds and to great classes of exogenous pollutants such as pesticides, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. It was therefore deemed necessary to also include in this book a section on the effects of photocatalysis on natural organic matter (NOM) and bacteria which are found in many waters. In some cases eliminating NOM in the course of the purification is desirable; NOM can also hinder the removal of pollutants. Consequently, Chapter 10 is devoted to photocatalysis and NOM; it is concluded that, in general, photocatalysis cannot be applied as a stand-alone process, but its coupling with another technique can be beneficial. Chapter 11 covers the photocatalytic inactivation of bacteria and explains in depth how the active species issued from excitation of the photocatalyst can damage the membrane and degrade the organic constituents of bacteria.
The last section deals with modeling and reactors. Chapter 12 focuses on the influence of irradiation, which is the initiation step of photocatalysis and stresses that irradiance measurement is essential; however, the observed kinetics is also influenced by other factors whose relative importance must be determined for reactor design. Chapter 13 demonstrates that rigorous mathematical modeling based on data collected at the laboratory and bench scales enables one to simulate the performance of photocatalytic slurry reactors of different shapes, sizes, irradiation systems, and configurations. Chapter 14 includes examples of reactors using photocatalysis as a stand-alone process or combined with another AOP; it also emphasizes that immobilization of the photocatalyst must be carefully studied and that further progress in photocatalyst sensitization to visible light is highly desirable. Chapter 15 reviews the characteristics of diverse types of solar reactors including full-size demonstration plants with a detailed presentation regarding the utilization of sun light; it is concluded that appraisal of the possibilities for both pollutants removal and disinfection requires further comparison with other technologies.
I think this book covers all the main topics of ‘‘photocatalysis and water purification’’. It will be helpful for students beginning research in the field and for technicians and scientists involved in the treatment of water by other technologies, who would like to learn about photocatalysis and its potentialities. Even senior scientists in the field will certainly be interested in the opinion of colleagues about some of the issues.
I sincerely thank the contributors for their response to my solicitation, their time, and efforts. I am also very grateful to the reviewers and the Wiley staff.
Pierre Pichat
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