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2014 VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES MARKET REPORT美国车辆技术市场报告
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Quick Facts Energy and Economics • Transportation accounts for 28% of total U.S. energy consumption. • According to one study, dependence on oil cost the U.S. economy $200 billion in 2013. • The average price of a new car is just over $25,000 (not including light trucks). • Almost 18% of household expenditures are for transportation. • Over 9 million people are employed in the transportation industry. Light Vehicles • The top nine manufacturers selling vehicles in the U.S. produce 52% of the world’s vehicles. • U.S. sales volumes increased by nearly 50% from 2009 to 2013. • Sales-weighted data on new light vehicles sold show a 124% increase in horsepower and a 47% decrease in 0-60 time from 1980 to 2014, with the fuel economy of vehicles improving 27%. • More than 18% of cars sold in 2013 have continuously variable transmissions. • More than 90% of new light vehicles sold in 2014 have transmissions with more than 5 speeds. Heavy Trucks • Class 8 combination trucks consume an average of 6.5 gallons per thousand ton-miles. • Class 3 truck sales increased by 95% from 2009 to 2013. • Sales of class 4-7 trucks in 2014 were more than 65% above the 2009 level. • Class 8 truck sales (combination trucks and single-unit trucks) decreased 5% from 2012 to 2013 but were still 95% higher than in 2009. • Diesel comprised 72% of the class 3-8 trucks sold in 2013, up from 69% in 2009. • Combination trucks are driven an average of over 66,000 miles per year. • Idling a truck-tractor’s engine can use more than a gallon of fuel per hour. • There are 113 electrified truck stop sites across the country to reduce truck idling time. Technologies • From 1999 (when hybrid vehicles were first sold) to 2014, there have been 3.5 million hybrid sales, with almost 450,000 in 2014 alone. • From the first plug-in vehicle sales in 2011 to 2014 about 287 million vehicles have been sold, with just over 118,000 units in 2014. • At least 22 different models of plug-in vehicles are available or coming soon to the market. • Seventy-two flex-fuel vehicle models were offered in model year 2014. • There are more than 10,700 electric vehicle charging stations throughout the nation. • Single wide tires on a Class 8 truck improve fuel economy by more than 7% on flat terrain. Policy • Plug-in hybrids and electric vehicle purchasers receive a Federal tax credit of up to $7,500 for select 2010-2015 vehicles along with possible state credits. • The proposed EPA greenhouse gas standards for cars raises average fuel economy for new cars to 54.5 mpg by 2025, while the NHTSA Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards are 49.7 mpg by 2025. These average fuel economies were estimated by the two agencies based on the new corporate standards and product plans. • Since model year 2010, diesel engine emission standards are stricter – 0.2 grams per horsepowerhour (g/HP-hr) for nitrogen oxides and 0.01 g/HP-hr for particulate matter. |
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