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[资源] 2014牛津大学出版新书：材料的电学特性（Electrical Properties of Materials）

Electrical Properties of Materials

Author(s): Solymar, Laszlo; Walsh, Donald; Syms, Richard R. A.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Year: 2014
Language: English
Pages: 501

The major change relative to all of the previous editions is that Professor
Richard Syms of Imperial College has joined us as an author. There are new
topics added and old topics updated, but the style remains as light as ever.
Topics that needed considerable updating are semiconductor technology,
semiconductor devices, nanoelectronics, plasma etching, ferroelectric materials,
and spintronics.
We have been aware of many physical phenomena of interest, which we have
failed to include in the past because, in our opinion at the time, their application
prospects were not strong enough. Some of these have now come to the fore
and we have included them; they are dielectrophoresis, Raman spectroscopy,
thermoelectricity, and pyroelectricity.
We believe that one of the most important applications of the electrical
properties of materials is in the field of memory elements. We have previously
described these in the respective chapters, e.g. semiconductor memories
in the chapter on semiconductor devices and magnetic memories in the chapter
on magnetism. We felt that this time, in order to emphasise their similarities
and differences, we needed to collect them into a separate chapter, which has
turned out to be an appendix. We have also added another appendix describing
the two major directions in medical imaging: computed tomography (CT) and
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
We have to express here our gratitude to our wives who were willing to put
up with the long hours we spent bringing this edition up to date.
目录：
1 The electron as a particle
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 The effect of an electric field—conductivity and Ohm’s law 2
1.3 The hydrodynamic model of electron flow 4
1.4 The Hall effect 5
1.5 Electromagnetic waves in solids 6
1.6 Waves in the presence of an applied magnetic field: cyclotron resonance 13
1.7 Plasma waves 16
1.8 Johnson noise 19
1.9 Heat 21
Exercises 23
2 The electron as a wave
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 The electron microscope 28
2.3 Some properties of waves 29
2.4 Applications to electrons 31
2.5 Two analogies 33
Exercises 34
3 The electron
3.1 Introduction 36
3.2 Schrödinger’s equation 38
3.3 Solutions of Schrödinger’s equation 39
3.4 The electron as a wave 40
3.5 The electron as a particle 41
3.6 The electron meeting a potential barrier 41
3.7 Two analogies 44
3.8 The electron in a potential well 45
3.9 The potential well with a rigid wall 47
3.10 The uncertainty relationship 47
3.11 Philosophical implications 48
Exercises 50
4 The hydrogen atom and the periodic table
4.1 The hydrogen atom 53
4.2 Quantum numbers 58
4.3 Electron spin and Pauli’s exclusion principle 59
4.4 The periodic table 59
Exercises 64
5 Bonds
5.1 Introduction 66
5.2 General mechanical properties of bonds 67
5.3 Bond types 69
5.3.1 Ionic bonds 69
5.3.2 Metallic bonds 70
5.3.3 The covalent bond 70
5.3.4 The van der Waals bond 73
5.3.5 Mixed bonds 74
5.3.6 Carbon again 74
5.4 Feynman’s coupled mode approach 75
5.5 Nuclear forces 80
5.6 The hydrogen molecule 81
5.7 An analogy 82
Exercises 82
6 The free electron theory of metals
6.1 Free electrons 84
6.2 The density of states and the Fermi–Dirac distribution 85
6.3 The specific heat of electrons 88
6.4 The work function 89
6.5 Thermionic emission 89
6.6 The Schottky effect 92
6.7 Field emission 95
6.8 The field-emission microscope 95
6.9 The photoelectric effect 97
6.10 Quartz–halogen lamps 97
6.11 The junction between two metals 98
Exercises 99
7 The band theory of solids
7.1 Introduction 101
7.2 The Kronig–Penney model 102
7.3 The Ziman model 106
7.4 The Feynman model 109
11 Magnetic materials
11.1 Introduction 259
11.2 Macroscopic approach 260
11.3 Microscopic theory (phenomenological) 260
11.4 Domains and the hysteresis curve 264
11.5 Soft magnetic materials 268
11.6 Hard magnetic materials (permanent magnets) 270
11.7 Microscopic theory (quantum-mechanical) 273
11.7.1 The Stern–Gerlach experiment 278
11.7.2 Paramagnetism 278
11.7.3 Paramagnetic solids 280
11.7.4 Antiferromagnetism 281
11.7.5 Ferromagnetism 281
11.7.6 Ferrimagnetism 282
11.7.7 Garnets 282
11.7.8 Helimagnetism 282
11.8 Magnetic resonance 282
11.8.1 Paramagnetic resonance 282
11.8.2 Electron spin resonance 283
11.8.3 Ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and ferrimagnetic resonance 283
11.8.4 Nuclear magnetic resonance 283
11.8.5 Cyclotron resonance 284
11.9 The quantum Hall effect 284
11.10 Magnetoresistance 286
11.11 Spintronics 287
11.11.1 Spin current 287
11.11.2 Spin tunnelling 289
11.11.3 Spin waves and magnons 290
11.11.4 Spin Hall effect and its inverse 290
11.11.5 Spin and light 290
11.11.6 Spin transfer torque 291
11.12 Some applications 291
11.12.1 Isolators 291
11.12.2 Sensors 292
11.12.3 Magnetic read-heads 292
11.12.4 Electric motors 293
Exercises 293
12 Lasers
12.1 Equilibrium 295
12.2 Two-state systems 295
12.3 Lineshape function 299
12.4 Absorption and amplification 301
12.5 Resonators and conditions of oscillation 301
12.6 Some practical laser systems 302
12.6.1 Solid state lasers 303
12.6.2 The gaseous discharge laser 304
12.6.3 Dye lasers 305
12.6.4 Gas-dynamic lasers 306
12.6.5 Excimer lasers 307
12.6.6 Chemical lasers 307

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