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[资源] 英文电子书：Low density cellular plastics

Low density cellular plastics
Physical basis of behaviour
Edited by
N. C.  Hilyard
Honorary Research Fellow,  Materials Research Institute,  Division of Applied
Physics, Sheffield Hallam  University,  UK
and
A.  Cunningham
Company Science and  Technology  Associate, International R&T Centre,  ICI
Polyurethanes, Everberg,  Belgium

Contents
List of contributors IX
Preface xiii
1 Physical behaviour of polymeric foams - an overview 1
A. Cunningham and N.C. Hilyard
1.1 General 1
1.2 Foam formation 3
1.3 Cell structure 4
1.4 Matrix polymer morphology 7
1.5 Thermal behaviour 9
1.6 Stress-strain behaviour 11
1.7 Energy management 14
1.8 Final comments 19
References 20
2 Polyurethane flexible foam formation 22
Luis D. Artavia and Christopher W Macosko
2.1 Introduction 22
2.2 Reaction chemistry 23
2.3 Morphology development 33
2.4 The cell opening mechanism 47
2.5 Conclusions 51
Acknowledgements 51
References 52
3 Characterizations of polymeric cellular structures 56
M. B. Rhodes
3.1 Introduction 56
3.2 Background 57
3.3 Quantitative characterization 60
3.4 Stereology 64
3.5 Difficulties associated with measurement 67
3.6 Optical microscopy 70
3.7 Final comments 75
Acknowledgements 76
References 76
4 The morphology of flexible polyurethane matrix polymers 78
R. D. Priester, Jr and R. B. Turner
4.1 Introduction 78
4.2 The dynamics of phase separation 78
4.3 The morphological characterization of foams 84
4.4 Summary 101
Acknowledgements 101
References 102
5 Heat transfer in foams 104
Leon R. Glicksman
5.1 Introduction 104
5.2 Conduction heat transfer 106
5.3 Radiative heat transfer 121
5.4 Gas conduction 135
5.5 Overall conductivity 139
Acknowledgements 143
Appendix A: Lower limit analysis 144
Appendix B: List of symbols 148
References 150
6 Thermal ageing 153
C. J. Hoogendoorn
6.1 Introduction 153
6.2 Theory and modelling 155
6.3 Experimental methods 169
6.4 Different testing methods 181
Appendix: List of symbols 184
References 185
7 The elastic behavior of low-density cellular plastics 187
Andrew M. Kraynik and William E. Warren
7.1 Introduction 187
7.2 Elastic behavior of perfectly ordered two-dimensional foams 190
7.3 Elastic behavior of three-dimensional foams 210
7.4 Future directions 220
Acknowledgements 223
References 223

8 Hysteresis and energy loss in flexible polyurethane foams 226
N. C. Hilyard
8.1 Introduction 226
8.2 Mechanical response 227
8.3 Definitions and relationships 230
8.4 Mechanisms 238
8.5 Static hysteresis 251
8.6 Dynamics hysteresis 257
8.7 Ball rebound resilience 261
8.8 Conclusions 264
Appendix: List of symbols 267
References 268
9 Impact response 270
N. J. Mills
9.1 Introduction 270
9.2 Macroscopic deformation geometry 272
9.3 Cell geometry and deformation mechanisms 276
9.4 Impact properties 283
9.5 Relation of impact properties to microstructure 291
9.6 Packaging design 300
9.7 Complex impacts 307
9.8 Discussion 316
References 317
10 Acoustic characteristics of low density foams 319
Walter Lauriks
10.1 Introduction 319
10.2 Single-wave approximation for foams with a low flow
resistivity 321
10.3 Acoustic properties of foams of medium and high flow
resistivity 331
10.4 Matrix representation of layered porous materials 339
10.5 Conclusion 353
Appendix A: Matrix elements 354
References 359

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