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The design of chemosensors for the detection of heavy and transition metal ions are particularly attractive, because these ions play important roles in living systems and have an extremely toxic impact on the environment [1e4].
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Among transition-metal ions, mercury is considered as one of the most dangerous cations for the environment. Mercury can accumulate in the human body, its high affinity for thiol groups in proteins and enzymes lead to the dysfunction of cells and consequently causing health problems, such as prenatal brain damage, serious cognitive and minamata disease [5e7].
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Al3þ widely exists within the environment due to acidic rain and human activities. The increase of Al3þ concentration in the environment is not only detrimental to growing plants but also damages many biological functions. Excessive exposure of the human body to Al3þ leads to a wide range of diseases, such as Alzheimer¡¯s disease, Parkinson¡¯s disease, etc. [8e10].
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Many detection methods for the quantitative analysis of Hg2þ in water samples include atomic absorption spectroscopy, cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry, and gas chromatography, which usually require complicated, multistep sample preparation and sophisticated instrumentation [11e14].
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Fluorescence analysis offers significant advantages over other methods for metal ion detection and measurement due to its simplicity, high sensitivity, low cost and instantaneous response [15]. In recent years, progress in the area of chemosensors has contributed significantly to the development of a variety of Al3þ sensors based on triazole, Schiff¡¯s base and coumarin Refs. [16e18].
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Unfortunately, some of the Al3þ sensors have disadvantages such as poor water-solubility or UV light excitation [8,19,20]. So few Al3þ sensors have been reported up to now. Mercury-selective fluorescent sensors have been reported in the past where in most cases the presence of mercury can cause fluorescence quenching of the fluorophores via the spin orbit coupling effect or complicated synthesis methods [21e23].
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