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[资源] Drug Residues in Foods: Pharmacology, Food Safety and Analysis

Drug Residues in Foods: Pharmacology, Food Safety and Analysis

By

Publisher:  CRC
Number Of Pages:  1194
Publication Date:  2000-12-15
Sales Rank:  2147679
ISBN / ASIN:  0824789598
EAN:  9780824789596
Binding:  Hardcover
Manufacturer:  CRC
Studio:  CRC
Average Rating:
Total Reviews:

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Book Description:

"Offers unique data on the physiochemical properties, functions and metabolism, toxicological and pharmacological effects, regulatory control, antimicrobial resistance, and consumer perceptions of food residue regulation."

PART I: DRUGS IN FOOD-PRODUCING ANIMALS
1. A GENERAL VIEW OF DRUG USAGE 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Classification of Potentially Used Drugs 2
1.3 Extent of Drug Use 3
1.4 Methods of Medication 4
1.5 Dosage Forms and Routes of Administration 5
References 8
2. SOME PHARMACOKINETIC CONSIDERATIONS 11
2.1 Fate of Drugs in Terrestrial Species 11
2.2 Fate of Drugs in Aquatic Species 22
References 24
3. ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS 27
3.1 Aminoglycosides and Aminocyclitols 27
3.2 Amphenicols 37
3.3 -Lactams 41
3.4 Macrolides and Lincosamides 59
3.5 Nitrofurans 70
3.6 Quinolones 73
3.7 Sulfonamides and Diaminopyrimidine Potentiators 85
3.8 Tetracyclines 95
3.9 Miscellaneous 100
References 103
4. ANTIHELMINTHIC DRUGS 117
4.1 Benzimidazoles 118
4.2 Imidazothiazoles 130
4.3 Organophosphates 132
4.4 Tetrahydropyrimidines 133
4.5 Salicylanilides 136
4.6 Substituted Phenols 138
4.7 Macrocyclic Lactones 141
4.8 Piperazine Derivatives 148
4.9 Miscellaneous 149
References 151
5. ANTICOCCIDIAL AND OTHER ANTIPROTOZOAL DRUGS 155
5.1 Benzamides 156
5.2 Carbanilides 157
5.3 Nitroimidazoles 159
5.4 Polyether Ionophore Antibiotics 161
5.5 Quinolone Derivatives 167
5.6 Triazines 169
5.7 Miscellaneous 171
References 175
6. ANTIMICROBIAL GROWTH PROMOTERS 179
6.1 Organic Arsenicals 180
6.2 Peptide Antibiotics 182
6.3 Quinoxaline-1,4-Dioxides 186
6.4 Miscellaneous 188
References 190
7. ANABOLIC HORMONAL-TYPE GROWTH PROMOTERS 193
7.1 Endogenous Sex Steroids 194
7.2 Steroidal Compounds Not Occurring Naturally 197
7.3 Nonsteroidal Compounds Not Occurring Naturally 203
7.4 Polypeptide Hormones 206
References 208
8. OTHER DRUGS 211
8.1 Antifungal Drugs 211
8.2 -Adrenergic Agonists 214
8.3 Corticosteroids 221
8.4 Diuretic Drugs 225
8.5 Dye Drugs 227
8.6 Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs 231
8.7 Sedatives and -Blockers 236
8.8 Thyreostatic Drugs 243
References 245
9. BENEFITS AND RISKS OF DRUG USAGE 251
9.1 Benefits to Animals, Man and the Environment 251
9.2 Risks Related to Food Contamination and Bacterial Resistance 256
References 266
PART II: RESIDUES IN FOOD
10. DRUG RESIDUES AND PUBLIC HEALTH 269
10.1 Types of Residues and Their Toxicological Significance 270
10.2 Toxicological Hazards 275
10.3 Pharmacological Hazards 286
10.4 Microbiological Hazards 286
10.5 Immunological Hazards 291
10.6 Enzyme Perturbation Hazards 293
References 295
11. SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL OF RESIDUES 299
11.1 A General Overview 299
11.2 Regulatory Outline by International Organizations 304
11.3 Regulatory Outline in the U.S. 322
11.4 Regulatory Outline in the EU 346
11.5 Regulatory Outline in Australia 377
11.6 Regulatory Outline in Canada 393
11.7 Regulatory Outline in Japan 401
References 403
12. GLOBAL HARMONIZATION OF REGULATORY
REQUIREMENTS 409
12.1 Acceptable Daily Intake 409
12.2 Assignment of the ADI to MRL/Tolerance 414
12.3 Analytical Methods for Residues Determination 417
12.4 Compliance of Legislation with Toxicology 420
12.5 Harmonization Initiatives 427
References 439
13. INCIDENCE OF VIOLATIVE RESIDUES IN FOOD 445
13.1 Residues in the U.S. 445
13.2 Residues in the European Union 458
13.3 Residues in Australia 475
13.4 Residues in Other Countries 478
References 486
14. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE OCCURENCE OF RESIDUES
IN FOODS 491
14.1 Management 491
14.2 Biological Processes 495
References 498
15. COSTS OF RESIDUES IN THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY 501
References 505
16. RESIDUE AVOIDANCE MANAGEMENT 507
References 513
17. STABILITY OF RESIDUES DURING FOOD PROCESSING 515
17.1 Residues of Antibacterial Drugs 516
17.2 Residues of Anthelminthic Drugs 528
17.3 Residues of Anticoccidial Drugs 531
17.4 Residues of Antimicrobial Growth Promoters 531
17.5 Residues of Anabolic Hormonal-type Growth Promoters:
Somidobone 533
17.6 Residues of -Adrenergic Agonists: Clenbuterol 533
17.7 Residues of Sedative Drugs 534
17.8 Conclusion 534
References 535
Copyright © 2001 Marcel Dekker, Inc.
Contents xiii
18. CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS AND CONCERNS 541
References 548
PART III: ANALYSIS OF DRUG RESIDUES
19. THE ANALYTICAL CHALLENGE 549
References 568
20. SAMPLE PREPARATION 569
20.1 Selection of Basic Analytical Equipment 570
20.2 Sampling/Storage 571
20.3 Protein Denaturation 572
20.4 Extraction/Cleanup 574
References 623
21. DERIVATIZATION 637
21.1 Fluorescence Derivatization 637
21.2 Ultraviolet-Visible Derivatization 647
21.3 Enzymatic Derivatization 650
21.4 Photochemical Derivatization 652
References 653
22. SEPARATION 663
22.1 Liquid Chromatography 664
22.2 Gas Chromatography 671
22.3 Thin-Layer Chromatography 674
22.4 Supercritical Fluid Chromatography 677
22.5 Capillary Electrophoresis 679
22.6 Multidimensional Separation 681
References 682
23. DETECTION 687
23.1 Microbiological Techniques 687
23.2 Immunochemical Techniques 689
23.3 Physicochemical Techniques 695
References 715
24. CONFIRMATION 721
24.1 Liquid Chromatography/Capillary Electrophoresis–Diode
Array Detection Techniques 722
24.2 Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Techniques 724
24.3 Thin Layer Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Techniques 727
24.4 Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Techniques 730
24.5 Gas Chromatography–Infrared Spectroscopy Techniques 737
24.6 Liquid Chromatography–Infrared Spectroscopy Techniques 739
References 742
25. VALIDATION 749
25.1 Parameters for Method Validation 750
25.2 Procedures for Method Validation 760
References 763
26. ANALYTICAL STRATEGY 765
26.1 Classification of Methods For Regulatory Purposes 766
26.2 Quality Criteria for Selecting an Analytical Method 772
26.3 Interpretation of Analytical Results 778
26.4 Strategies for Monitoring Food Supply for Drug Residues 782
References 788
27. MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS 793
27.1 Assay Formats 793
27.2 Applications 797
References 820
28. IMMUNOCHEMICAL METHODS 827
28.1 Antigen Development 828
28.2 Antibody Development 829
28.3 Reagent Formatting 832
28.4 Applications 833
References 865
29. PHYSICOCHEMICAL METHODS 875
29.1 Aminoglycosides and Aminocyclitols 875
29.2 Amphenicols 888
29.3 -Lactam Antibiotics 905
29.4 Macrolides and Lincosamides 929
29.5 Nitrofuran Antibacterials 939
29.6 Quinolones 950
29.7 Sulfonamides and Diaminopyrimidine Potentiators 961
Copyright © 2001 Marcel Dekker, Inc.
Contents xv
29.8 Tetracyclines 985
29.9 Miscellaneous Antibacterials 1002
29.10 Anthelminthic Drugs 1006
29.11 Anticoccidial and Other Antiprotozoal Drugs 1028
29.12 Antimicrobial Growth Promoters 1049
29.13 Anabolic Hormonal-type Growth Promoters 1059
29.14 -Adrenergic Agonists 1077
29.15 Dye Drugs 1087
29.16 Sedatives and -Blockers 1095
29.17 Corticosteroids 1105
29.18 Diuretic and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs 1119
29.19 Thyreostatic Drugs 1125
References 1129
30. FUTURE TRENDS 1151

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