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小木虫: 金币+0.5, 给个红包，谢谢回帖
vaughn: 金币+2, 尽量用中文吧，因为你的研究热点，大家不一定像你一般熟悉 2012-12-09 08:17:01
粗略翻了翻书，找到这些，发现都是有原始出处的，列在参考文献里
Flux Flux indicates the productivity of membrane and defined as equation
J=V/A delta t
Concentration factor Concentration factor of membrane process is defined as the ratio of feed water volume over concentrate volume and calculated [1]
Recovery Recovery is a derivative variable from CF and indicates the efficiency of fresh water use in RO
Concentration polarization When liquid permeates through membrane, particles (or solutes) are rejected by membrane and form a layer with high particle/solute concentration near the membrane surface. Due to the high particle concentration in the layer, particles tend to diffuse back to the bulk as long as they are not fixed in gel/cake layer. The concentration profile settles at the equilibrium between convective particle transport to membrane surface and diffusive particle back transport to the bulk solution This is so called concentration polarization phenomenon that fundamentally limits the membrane performance
Critical flux The critical flux obtained with initial fouling is defined as “weak form” critical flux, which contrasts to the “strong form” critical flux without any membrane foulant [2]
Contact angle Hydrophilic membranes are known to suffer less from membrane fouling in water treatment in general. It is attributed to the hydration of membrane surface by water molecules that interfere foulant from direct contact with membrane surface. In fact, hydrophilic membranes have functional groups that provide high polarity to the surface that attract polar molecules such as water. In contrast, there is little electrostatic interaction between hydrophobic membrane and water molecules. The weak van der Waals force is not enough to hold water molecules on membrane surface. Therefore, water molecules are free from hydrophobic membrane surface. As a result, there is little physical barrier for macromolecules being adsorbed on hydrophobic membrane [3]
Reference
[1] Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 1972, 11 (3), pp 234–248
[2] 偷个懒，直接给链接吧https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(94)00265-Z
[3] https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.03.014
[ Last edited by lollypopo on 2012-12-9 at 02:21 ] |
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